Difference between revisions of "MitoPedia: Terms and abbreviations"

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MitoPedia: Terms and abbreviations

The MitoPedia terminology is developed continuously in the spirit of Gentle Science.

Bioblast links: Coupling control - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>

1. Mitochondrial and cellular respiratory rates in coupling-control states

» Baseline state

Respiratory rate	Defining relations
OXPHOS capacity	P = P´-Rox	mt-preparations
ROUTINE respiration	R = R´-Rox	living cells
ET capacity	E = E´-Rox	» Level flow
		» Noncoupled respiration - Uncoupler
LEAK respiration	L = L´-Rox	» Static head
		» LEAK state with ATP
		» LEAK state with oligomycin
		» LEAK state without adenylates
Residual oxygen consumption Rox	L = L´-Rox

Chance and Williams nomenclature: respiratory states

» State 1 —» State 2 —» State 3 —» State 4 —» State 5

2. Flux control ratios related to coupling in mt-preparations and living cells

» Flux control ratio

» Coupling-control ratio

» Coupling-control protocol

FCR	Definition
L/P coupling-control ratio	L/P	» Respiratory acceptor control ratio, RCR = P/L
L/R coupling-control ratio	L/R
L/E coupling-control ratio	L/E	» Uncoupling-control ratio, UCR = E/L (ambiguous)
P/E control ratio	P/E
R/E control ratio	R/E	» Uncoupling-control ratio, UCR = E/L
net P/E control ratio	(P-L)/E
net R/E control ratio	(R-L)/E

3. Net, excess, and reserve capacities of respiration

Respiratory net rate	Definition	Icon
P-L net OXPHOS capacity	P-L
R-L net ROUTINE capacity	R-L
E-L net ET capacity	E-L
E-P excess capacity	E-P
E-R reserve capacity	E-R

4. Flux control efficiencies related to coupling-control ratios

» Flux control efficiency j_Z-Y

» Background state

» Reference state

» Metabolic control variable

Coupling-control efficiency		Definition		Canonical term
P-L control efficiency	j_P-L	= (P-L)/P	= 1-L/P	P-L OXPHOS-flux control efficiency
R-L control efficiency	j_R-L	= (R-L)/R	= 1-L/R	R-L ROUTINE-flux control efficiency
E-L coupling efficiency	j_E-L	= (E-L)/E	= 1-L/E	E-L ET-coupling efficiency » Biochemical coupling efficiency
E-P control efficiency	j_E-P	= (E-P)/E	= 1-P/E	E-P ET-excess flux control efficiency
E-R control efficiency	j_E-R	= (E-R)/E	= 1-R/E	E-R ET-reserve flux control efficiency

5. General

» Basal respiration

» Cell ergometry

» Dyscoupled respiration

» Dyscoupling

» Electron leak

» Electron-transfer-pathway state

» Hyphenation

» Oxidative phosphorylation

» Oxygen flow

» Oxygen flux

» Permeabilized cells

» Phosphorylation system

» Proton leak

» Proton slip

» Respiratory state

» Uncoupling

Bioblast links: Uncoupling - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>

Specific

» Artefacts by single dose uncoupling

» ATP synthase

» CCCP

» Coupling-control protocol

» DNP

» Dyscoupled respiration

» FCCP

» Is respiration uncoupled - noncoupled - dyscoupled?

» Noncoupled respiration: Discussion

» Uncoupler

» Uncoupled respiration - see » Noncoupled respiration

» Uncoupling proteins

» Uncoupling protein 1

» Uncoupler titrations - Optimum uncoupler concentration

Respiratory states and control ratios

» Biochemical coupling efficiency

» Coupling-control state

» Electron-transfer-pathway state

» Electron-transfer pathway

ET capacity

» E-L coupling efficiency

» Flux control efficiency

» Flux control ratio

» LEAK-control ratio

» LEAK respiration

» Noncoupled respiration

» OXPHOS

» OXPHOS capacity; » State 3

» OXPHOS-control ratio, P/E ratio

» Respiratory acceptor control ratio

» ROUTINE-control ratio

» ROUTINE respiration

» ROUTINE state

» State 3u

» State 4

» Uncoupling-control ratio UCR

Gnaiger E et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1
Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002

General (alphabetical order)

» Adenine nucleotide translocase

» Adenylates

» Electron transfer pathway

» Mitochondrial preparations

» mt-membrane potential

» Oxygen flux

» Phosphorylation system

» Proton leak

» Proton slip

» TIP2k

Other keyword lists

» Template:Keywords: Force and membrane potential

Coupling control tables - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>

```
The Blue Book 2020
```
OXPHOS-, ROUTINE-, ET-, and LEAK states; respiratory capacities (P, R, E, L) corrected for residual oxygen consumption Rox.
4-compartmental OXPHOS model. (1) ET capacity E of the noncoupled electron transfer system ETS. OXPHOS capacity P is partitioned into (2) the dissipative LEAK component L, and (3) ADP-stimulated P-L net OXPHOS capacity. (4) If P-L is kinetically limited by a low capacity of the phosphorylation system to utilize the protonmotive force pmF, then the apparent E-P excess capacity is available to drive coupled processes other than phosphorylation P» (ADP to ATP) without competing with P».
(P-L)/P is the OXPHOS P-L control efficiency. The biochemical coupling efficiency is independent of kinetic control by the phosphorylation system when expressed as the E-L coupling efficiency, (E-L)/E. (E-P)/E is the kinetic E-P control efficiency.

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 {{MitoPedia chapter}}
 __TOC__
-== SI, IUPAC and MitoEAGLE recommendations ==
-:::: 'The International System of Units, the SI, has been used around the world as the preferred system of units, the basic language for science, technology, industry and trade since it was established in 1960'<ref>Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI). 9th edition:117-216. [[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 2019 The International System of Units (SI) |ISBN 978-92-822-2272-0]]</ref>. IUPAC guidelines are followed for general terms of physical chemistry<ref>Cohen ER, Cvitas T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor HL (2008) Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, IUPAC Green Book, 3rd Edition, 2nd Printing, IUPAC & RSC Publishing, Cambridge. - [[Cohen 2008 IUPAC Green Book |»Bioblast link«]]</ref><sup>,</sup><ref>International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Recommendations for terminology and databases for biochemical thermodynamics. - [http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/thermod2/ »Open Access«]</ref><sup>,</sup><ref>International Union of Biochemistry (1981) Symbolism and terminology in enzyme kinetics. - [http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/kinetics/ »Open Access«]</ref>, extended by concepts of mitochondrial physiology and nonequilibrium thermodynamics<ref>Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1. doi:10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1</ref>,<ref> Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002</ref>,<ref>Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |»Bioblast link«]]</ref>.
-:::: According to [https://www.bioenergetics-communications.org/index.php/bec/authorguidelines BEC guidelines], 'manuscripts must adhere to [[International System of Units |SI units]] and IUPAC recommendations. [[MitoEAGLE]] recommendations on terms and symbols are to be implemented'.
-== Harmonization ==
-:::: Harmonization of some terms in mitochondrial physiology links separate 'subcultures' in publication. Ambiguities are pointed out for clarification of concepts. A platform-independent terminology is preferred. See also '''Table 2. Harmonization of terminology on respiratory states'''<ref>Zdrazilova L, Hansikova H, Gnaiger E (2022) Comparable respiratory activity in attached and suspended human fibroblasts. PLoS ONE 17:e0264496. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264496</ref>.
-::::: <span style="background:#eaecf0">'''Table 1. Some platform-independent and platform-specific or outdated terms in mitochondrial physiology
-::::: {| class="wikitable"
-|+
-|-
-! Symbol !! Platform-independent terms !! Platform-specific or outdated terms
-|-
-| ce || [[living cells]] || intact cells
-|-
-| ''R'' || [[ROUTINE respiration]], in ROUTINE state || [[basal respiration]], in basal state
-|-
-| ''P'' || [[OXPHOS capacity]], in OXPHOS state of mt-preparations || [[State 3]]
-|-
-| ''L'' || [[LEAK respiration]] || [[proton leak]]; [[State 4]]
-|-
-| ''E'' || [[ET capacity]], electron transfer capacity || maximum respiration; State 3u
-|-
-| ''L/E'' || [[L/E coupling-control ratio |''L/E'' coupling-control ratio]] || 1/UCR = ''L/E'' (ambiguous)
-|-
-| ''L/P'' || [[L/P coupling-control ratio |''L/P'' coupling-control ratio]] || 1/[[RCR]] = ''L/P''
-|-
-| ''R/E'' || [[R/E control ratio |''R/E'' control ratio]] || 1/[[UCR]] = ''E/R''
-|-
-| ''R-L'' || [[R-L net ROUTINE capacity |''R-L'' net ROUTINE capacity]], net ROUTINE respiration || ATP production, ATP-linked respiration
-|-
-| ''E-R'' || [[E-R reserve capacity |''E-R'' reserve capacity]] || spare capacity
-|-
-| ''Rox'' || [[residual oxygen consumption]], in ROX state || nonmitochondrial respiration; [[State 2]]
-|}
 <br />
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 </div>
 <br />
-== References ==
-<references/>