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- Bound energy + (The '''bound energy''' change in a closed … The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the ''total'' [[energy]] change that is always bound to an exchange of [[heat]],</br></br> d''B'' = d''U'' - d''A'' [Eq. 1]</br></br> ∆''B'' = ∆''H'' - ∆''G'' [Eq. 2]</br></br>The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; d''A'' or d''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, d''U'' or d''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change.</br></br>Therefore, if a process occurs at [[equilibrium]], when d''G'' = 0 (at constant gas pressure), then d''H'' = d''B'', and at d<sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (d''H'' = d<sub>e</sub>''Q'' + d<sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),</br></br> d''B'' = ''T''∙d''S'' = d<sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3]rocess (eq), d''B'' = ''T''∙d''S'' = d<sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3])