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| ==Advantages of the Shredder==
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| * low shear mechanical device for gentle, rapid and safe disruption of tissues
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| * three position lever for setting reproducible force to the sample during the shredding process
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| * gentle enough for isolating intact, functional mitochondrial
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| * powerful enough to rapidly break apart difficult samples
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| * standardize preparations of high quality
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| * enables reproducible results
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| * easy handling, especially for beginners
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| * processing containers:
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| : > standard tubes for ambient pressure processing
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| : > specialized tubes for ultra high pressure processing
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| : > closed containers help to ensure safety throughout the entire sample preparation process
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| : > excellent for collection, storage, transport and processing
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| * high quality of functional mitochondria is obtained from skeletal muscel and kidney as evaluated by high resolution respirometry
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| ::[http://www.bioblast.at/index.php/Gross_2011_Analyt_Biochem Gross VS, Greenberg HK, Baranov SV, Carlson GM, Stavrovskaya IG, Lazarev AV, Kristal BS (2011) Isolation of functional mitochondria from rat kidney and skeletal muscle without manual homogenization. Analyt Biochem 418: 213-223.]
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| ====Traditional methods for homogenization====
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| * homogenizer-based protocols that require extensive operator experience (highly skilled personnel) to obtain reproducible high-quality preparations
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| * these methods limit dissemination, impede scale-up, and contribute to difficulities in reproducing experimental results over time and across laboratories
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| * during manual homogenization it is difficult to know when sufficient tissue disruption has occured - overhomogenization!
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| * the current protocols rely on Dounce, Potter-Elvehjem, and rotor/stator shearing homogenization
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| ::[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17445687 Pallotti F, Lenaz G (2007) Isolation and Subfractionation of Mitochondria from Animal Cells and Tissue Culture Lines. Methods Cell Biol 80:3-44.]
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| ::[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17406588 Frezza C, Cipolat S, Scorrano L (2007) Organelle isolation: functional mitochondria from mouse liver, muscle and cultured fibroblasts. Nat Protoc 2:287-95.]
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| ::[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17013560 Kaufmann P, Török M, Zahno A, Waldhauser KM, Brecht K, Krähenbühl S (2006) Toxicity of statins on rat skeletal muscle mitochondria.Cell Mol Life Sci 63:2415-25.]
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