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Difference between revisions of "Talk:Body fat excess"

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=== Body fat in the healthy reference population - a complementary route ===
== Reading ==


:::: ''M'' is the sum of the reference mass at a given height and excess body mass, ''M''<sub>E</sub> <big>≝</big> ''M''-''M''°(Eq. 3). Excess body mass, ''M''<sub>E</sub>, is due to accumulation of an excess fat mass, ''M''<sub>FE</sub>, accompanied by a gain of excess lean mass, ''M''<sub>LE</sub>. Inserting ''M''<sub>E</sub> <big>≝</big> ''M''<sub>FE</sub> + ''M''<sub>LE</sub> (Eq. 4) into Eq. 3 and rearranging,
::::* Westerterp KR, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Ainslie PN, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Close GL, Cooper JA, Das SK, Cooper R, Dugas LR, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Pontzer H, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Wong WW, Speakman JR; International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group. Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Nov 8;114(5):1583-1589. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260. PMID: 34477824


<big>'''Eq. 13''': ''M'' = ''M''° + ''M''<sub>FE</sub> + ''M''<sub>LE</sub></big>
::::* Rimbach R, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Ainslie PN, Anderson LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Close GL, Cooper JA, Das SK, Dugas LR, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Westerterp KR, Wong WW, Speakman JR, Pontzer H; IAEA DLW Database Consortium. Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition. Nat Commun. 2022 Jan 10;13(1):99. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z. PMID: 35013190


:::: The fat mass, ''M''<sub>F</sub>, is defined as the sum of the reference fat mass and excess fat mass, ''M''<sub>F</sub> <big>≝</big> ''M''°<sub>F</sub>+''M''<sub>FE</sub> (Eq. 5b), hence
::::* Ocobock C, Soppela P, Turunen MT. No association of BMI and body adiposity with cardiometabolic biomarkers among a small sample of reindeer herders of sub-Arctic Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2022 Dec;81(1):2024960. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2021.2024960. PMID: 35073832


<big>'''Eq. 14''': ''M''<sub>FE</sub> <big>≝</big> ''M''<sub>F</sub> - ''M''°<sub>F</sub></big>
::::* https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1107070/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_2102441_a0P58000000G0YjEAK_Physio_20230606_arts_A&id_mc=312850737&utm_source=sfmc&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Article+Alerts+V4.1-Frontiers&utm_id=2102441&Business_Goal=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute1%%&Audience=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute2%%&Email_Category=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute3%%&Channel=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute4%%&BusinessGoal_Audience_EmailCategory_Channel=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute5%%


:::: Inserting Eq. 14 into Eq. 13 yields body mass as the sum of the reference mass plus the total body fat mass minus the reference fat mass (which is the reference lean mass, ''M''°<sub>L</sub> = ''M''-''M''°<sub>F</sub>; Eq. 5c), plus the excess lean mass,
::::* https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1195641/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_2102441_a0P58000000G0YjEAK_Physio_20230606_arts_A&id_mc=312850737&utm_source=sfmc&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Article+Alerts+V4.1-Frontiers&utm_id=2102441&Business_Goal=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute1%%&Audience=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute2%%&Email_Category=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute3%%&Channel=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute4%%&BusinessGoal_Audience_EmailCategory_Channel=%%__AdditionalEmailAttribute5%%
 
<big>'''Eq. 15''':  ''M'' = ''M''° + ''M''<sub>F</sub> - ''M''°<sub>F</sub> + ''M''<sub>LE</sub></big>
 
:::: Normalization of Eq. 15 for ''M''° and considering that the [[body mass excess]] is BME=''M''/''M''°-1 (Eq. 5a), BFE = (''M''<sub>F</sub>-''M''°<sub>F</sub>)/''M''° (Eq. 5b), and BLE = ''M''<sub>LE</sub>/''M''° (Eq. 5c), yields Eq. 7 in the form of,
 
<big>'''Eq. 16''':  BME = BFE + BLE</big>
 
:::: By further normalization of Eq. 16 for BME, we obtain the summation of ''f''<sub>FE</sub> = BFE/BME (Eq. 9) and ''f''<sub>LE</sub> = BLE/BME  (Eq. 10),
 
<big>'''Eq. 17''':  1 = ''f''<sub>FE</sub> + ''f''<sub>LE</sub>
 
:::: where ''f''<sub>FE</sub> = 0.57 is the slope in Fig. 5b.
 
:::: To derive the ''M''<sub>LE</sub>/''M''<sub>FE</sub> ratio (Eq. 12), which is equal to BLE/BFE (Eq. 5b and 5c), Eq. 16 is divided by BFE and rearranged,
 
<big>'''Eq. 18''':  BLE/BFE = BME/BFE - 1</big>
 
:::: Eq. 18 is equivalent to Eq. 12, since BME/BFE = 1/''f''<sub>FE</sub> (Eq. 9).

Latest revision as of 09:22, 7 June 2023

Reading

  • Westerterp KR, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Ainslie PN, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Close GL, Cooper JA, Das SK, Cooper R, Dugas LR, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Pontzer H, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Wong WW, Speakman JR; International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group. Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Nov 8;114(5):1583-1589. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260. PMID: 34477824
  • Rimbach R, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Ainslie PN, Anderson LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Close GL, Cooper JA, Das SK, Dugas LR, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Westerterp KR, Wong WW, Speakman JR, Pontzer H; IAEA DLW Database Consortium. Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition. Nat Commun. 2022 Jan 10;13(1):99. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z. PMID: 35013190
  • Ocobock C, Soppela P, Turunen MT. No association of BMI and body adiposity with cardiometabolic biomarkers among a small sample of reindeer herders of sub-Arctic Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2022 Dec;81(1):2024960. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2021.2024960. PMID: 35073832
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