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* [[dicarboxylate carrier]] * [[tricarboxylate carrier]]

...carrier and the 2-oxoglutarate carrier exchanging malate^2- for 2-oxoglutarate^2-. Cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and transami ::::* Scaduto RC Jr (1994) Calcium and 2-oxoglutarate-mediated control of aspartate formation by rat heart mitochondria. Eur J Bi

...se]] (OgDH). The 2-oxoglutarate carrier exchanges malate^2- for 2-oxoglutarate^2- as part of the [[malate-aspartate shuttle]]. In the cytosol, o

|description=The '''dicarboxylate carrier''' is a transporter which catalyses the electroneutral exchange of [[malate

...rate]]), representing the [[glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state]]. 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) is formed from isocitrate (isocitrate dehydrogenase, fro

...genase. If the 2-oxoglutarate carrier does not outcompete these sources of 2-oxoglutarate, then the TCA cycle operates in full circle with external pyruvate&malate&g

|description=The [[dicarboxylate carrier]] catalyses the electroneutral exchange of succinate^2- for HPO<s

...l matrix by [[glutamate dehydrogenase]] to α-ketoglutarate ([[oxoglutarate|2-oxoglutarate]]), representing the [[glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state]]. Ammon

...lectron transport chain (ETC), heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2), and a subfamily of 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases termed HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) prolyl hydroxy

...l function. This regulation involves the mitochondrial glutamate/aspartate carrier aralar which controls mitochondrial substrate supply according to the level |keywords=Glutamate/aspartate carrier aralar, Extramitochondrial Ca (2+), Brain mitochondria

...([[dicarboxylate carrier]], [[tricarboxylate carrier]] and 2-oxoglutarate carrier). Malate alone cannot support respiration of [[Mitochondrial preparations|m

...([[PMS]]) if the 2-oxoglutarate carrier does not outcompete the sources of 2-oxoglutarate

...([[PMS]]) if the 2-oxoglutarate carrier does not outcompete the sources of 2-oxoglutarate.

...The P»-system consists of [[adenine nucleotide translocase]], [[phosphate carrier]], and [[ATP synthase]]. Mitochondrial [[adenylate kinase]], mt-[[creatine ...ase is not involved. However, if succinate is formed in the mt-matrix from 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate), substrate-level phosphorylation at succinyl-CoA liga

|description=The '''tricarboxylate carrier''' in the inner mt-membrane exchanges malate^2- for citrate<sup>3

...Colca JR, Kletzien RF, Burgess SC, Finck BN (2014) Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 hypomorphism in mice leads to defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secre ...in anabolic and catabolic intermediary metabolism. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (Mpc2) is believed to be a component of the complex that facilitates mito

''See also'': [[Phosphate carrier]] (Pic).

...ate. [[Succinate]] is lost from the mitochondria through the dicarboxylate carrier. OXPHOS capacity with malate alone is only 1.3% of that with [[PM |Pyruvate

...of this chain. The authors show that vitamin K₂ is an electron carrier, suggesting this small organic molecule as a possible treatment for mitocho

::: '''[[MitoPedia: SUIT]]''' - Carrier control protocol to [[SUIT-003 AmR ce D058]] ...has been designed to study the effect of the [[Carrier control titrations|carrier titrations]] on the respiration in parallel to [[SUIT-003 AmR ce D058]]. Th

...et al<ref>Schefer U, Ammann D, Pretsch E, Oesch U, Simon W (1986) Neutral carrier based Ca²⁺-selective electrode with detection limit in the sub-n

...nucleotide exchange and increased the degree of control, which the ADP/ATP carrier has on State 3 respiration. Important for functional consequences is the fi |keywords=ADP/ATP carrier, Branched-chain fatty acid, Mitochondria, Neurodegeneration, Permeability t

...glutamate to mitochondria via aralar, a mitochondrial glutamate/aspartate carrier. Since this activation is not affected by ruthenium red, glutamate transpor ...genase, α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATP-Mg/Pi carrier, FAD-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Ca²⁺ uniporter, F0F1ATP

# Isolated mitochondria of all the yeasts show the possession of a carrier system for dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic anions, phosphate and pyruvate. # The tricarboxylate carrier is also specific for l-malate in all 10 yeasts.

...R, Kletzien RF, Burgess SC, Finck BN (2015) Loss of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 in the liver leads to defects in gluconeogenesis and compensation via pyr ...uconeogenesis, mice with liver-specific deletion of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (LS-Mpc2^-/-) were generated. Loss of MPC2 impaired, but did no

...of matrix NADH_F, was indicated, using citrate (2-oxoglutarate) carrier inhibitors and cytosolic malic enzyme silencing: All changes vanished on th

.... At the same time, ItA had no effect on the activity of the dicarboxylate carrier, which catalyzes the transport of succinate across the inner mitochondrial |keywords=Dicarboxylate carrier, Itaconic acid, MPT pore, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial respiration, Oxidativ

...rial glutamate/H+-symporter (SLC25A22) and the mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier (SLC25A10) in response to treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (

...-cycle''' refers to the sequential oxidation and reduction of the electron carrier Coenzyme Q (CoQ or [[ubiquinone]]) in mitochondria or plastoquinones in the

...ended: [[SUIT 003 AmR ce D058]] with AmR and [[SUIT 003 AmR ce D059]] with carrier titration as a control. These two protocols have to be done in parallel.

...S, Gygi SP, Brivet M, Thummel CS, Rutter J (2012) A mitochondrial pyruvate carrier required for pyruvate uptake in yeast, Drosophila, and humans. Science 337: ...12) Identification and functional expression of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. Science 337: 93-6.

...> binding sites on the mitochondrial surface, e.g. the glutamate/aspartate carrier (aralar), mediate this regulation. Interactions between htt51Q and distinct

|abstract=Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) is currently one of the most enigmatic mitochondrial prot

...Lasorsa FM (2017) Down-regulation of the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier isoform 1 AGC1 inhibits proliferation and N-acetylaspartate synthesis in Ne |abstract=The mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier isoform 1 (AGC1) catalyzes a Ca²⁺-stimulated export of aspartate

...ended: [[SUIT 003 AmR ce D058]] with AmR and [[SUIT 003 AmR ce D059]] with carrier titration as a control. These two protocols have to be done in parallel.

Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) is currently one of the most enigmatic mitochondrial prot

...P, Ravier MA, Dalle S, Gual P, Muller D, Rutter GA, Servais S, Iovanna JL, Carrier A (2015) Defects in mitophagy promote redox-driven metabolic syndrome in th ...P, Ravier MA, Dalle S, Gual P, Muller D, Rutter GA, Servais S, Iovanna JL, Carrier A

...ffects of insulin sensitizers are not attenuated by mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 hypomorphism. Exp Physiol 102:985-99. ...-sparing TZDs, such as MSDC-0602, interact with the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and inhibit its activity. The MPC complex is composed of two proteins

...N (2020) Nutritional modulation of heart failure in mitochondrial pyruvate carrier-deficient mice. Nat Metab 2:1232-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-002 ...onditions including diabetes and heart failure. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) complex, composed of MPC1 and MPC2, is required for pyruvate import i

...ended: [[SUIT 003 AmR ce D058]] with AmR and [[SUIT 003 AmR ce D059]] with carrier titration as a control. These two protocols have to be done in parallel.

|title=Tsien RY, Rink TJ (1980 ) Neutral carrier ion-selective microelectrodes for measurement of intracellular free calcium |info=[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7407109/?from_term=Neutral+carrier+ion-selective+microelectrodes+for+measurement+of+intracellular+free+calcium

...thase was not changed, whereas ATP/ADP-carrier and Voltage dependent anion carrier (VDAC) were upregulated, which may explain the high sensitivity to uncoupli

...on medium: in the absence of phosphate or in the presence of the phosphate carrier inhibitor mersalyl in the phosphate-containing medium, no swelling of the m

...dy B, Cho K, Patti GJ, McCommis KS, Finck BN (2021) Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitors improve metabolic parameters in diet-induced obese mice. J Biol |abstract=The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is an inner mitochondrial membrane complex that plays a critical role

...r studies are focused on a novel mitochondrial protein named mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) that mediates the response of mitochondria to stress sign

...results show directly that under physiological conditions the major energy carrier from mitochondria into cytoplasm is PCr, produced by mitochondrial creatine

|keywords=ADP–ATP exchange, Adenine nucleotide carrier, Adenine nucleotide translocase, Bioenergetics, Oxidative phosphorylation,

...etabolite transport is mediated by proteins belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family. In this study, we have investigated the abundance and transport act

...l, and the abundance and function of selected inner mitochondrial membrane carrier proteins in muscle collected from hypermetabolic burn patients and healthy

...ended: [[SUIT-003 AmR ce D058]] with AmR and [[SUIT-003 AmR ce D059]] with carrier titration as a control. These two protocols should be done in parallel.

...ccinate is transported across the inner mt-membrane by the [[dicarboxylate carrier]]. The plasma membrane of many cell types is impermeable for succinate (but

...ended: [[SUIT 003 AmR ce D058]] with AmR and [[SUIT 003 AmR ce D059]] with carrier titration as a control. These two protocols have to be done in parallel.

|abstract=Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a unique electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is synthesized on-site by a n

...te is imported into the mitochondrial matrix by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) for oxidation by the TCA cycle to support oxidative phosphorylation.

...piration at concentrations >10 µM. (2) After titration of acylcarnitine or carrier, NADH-linked substrates (N: pyruvate, malate, glutamate), succinate (S), an

|keywords=Colorectal cancer, Lipid synthesis, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial carrier, Oxidative stress, Tumor metabolic reprogramming, Tumor metabolism, Uncoupl

...nimal and plant cells4,5,6,7,8,9 and form a subfamily of the mitochondrial carrier family10. Physiological uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation must be str

...diabetes. The SLC16A13 gene encodes SLC16A13/MCT13, a member of the solute carrier 16 family of monocarboxylate transporters. Despite its potential importance

...tion complexes, C (CI, CIII, CIV, ATP synthase, ATP/ADP carrier, phosphate carrier), predict that all OXPHOS complexes are directly activated in parallel with

.../sub>' H⁺/monocarboxylate cotransporter known as the [[pyruvate carrier]]. Similarly, the plasma membrane of many cell types has H⁺/mono

...ion='''Adenosine triphosphate''' is a nucleotid and functions as the major carrier of chemical energy in the cells. As it transfers its energy to other molecu

...ntrolled also by CIV) (Fig. 1). In CRC tissue the value of FCC for ATP/ADT carrier is significantly lowered as compared with healthy intestinal tissue (Fig. 1 ...I and III, whereas in normal bowel tissue these are complex II and ATP/ADP carrier; 2) in human colorectal carcinomas some components of the mitochondrial ele

...nal and its occurrence should alert us to the possibility of an underlying carrier or channel. (4) Leak pathways are very likely localized to protein-lipid in

...d lower lactate dehydrogenase A content and greater mitochondrial pyruvate carrier content. Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, including AMPK activation lev

...ormal synthesis. We postulate that, in addition to its role as an electron carrier between Complexes III and IV, CYTc influences Complex IV levels in plants,

...deficient Complex I substrate supply induced by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor UK5099 and cytochrome c release induced by the anti-apoptotic BCL

...e both L-LAC and D-LAC [3,4]. Both the isomers can enter mitochondria in a carrier-mediated manner, probably in symport with protons. Moreover, externally add

...Omy, starting at very low concentrations (in the nM range). In parallel, [[carrier control titrations]], i.e. ethanol titrations, should be performed in the o

...ct of autophagy in the cell, we demonstrated that this lipophilic electron carrier is a native constituent of a lysosomal electron transport chain, which prom

| inorganic phosphate carrier || [[Phosphate carrier]] || PiC || - || Fig. 1C

...chain drives the production of ATP, which is then used as a primary energy carrier in virtually all cellular processes. Minimal perturbations of the respirato

...Complex II was not impaired by TEGDMA. The beneficial effects of electron carrier compound methylene blue (MB) are proven in many disease models where mitoch

...g R, Orynbayeva Z (2015) Tumor microenvironment promotes dicarboxylic acid carrier-mediated transport of succinate to fuel prostate cancer mitochondria. Am J

...mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs). UCPs belong to the mitochondrial carrier family and play the role of main catalysts of futile proton leak of the pro

...ct=Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of mitochondrial inner membrane carrier family. Earlier we have demonstrated that UCP3 is upregulated in skeletal m

...ility and its further impact on development of NAFLD. According to my next carrier steps, I hope I will finish my medicine studies in two years and become a d

...mitochondria (BM) via aralar [2-7], the mitochondrial glutamate/aspartate carrier. Whereas OXPHOS capacity with pyruvate+malate is only slightly influenced b

...the presence of the myosin II ATPase inhibitor blebbistatin (25 µM) versus carrier; (3) ‘normoxia’ (200-100 µM) versus hyperoxia (450-250 µM. NADH (N-), ...00 px]] Figure 1. [[SUIT-008 O2 pfi D014]] protocol. 25 µM blebbistatin or carrier was added to Buffer Z and MiR05-Kit. NADH-pathway (N-pathway) in LEAK (1PM)

...ns, we conclude that the adenine nucleotide translocase, the dicarboxylate carrier, and the alpha-ketoglutarate exchanger are partially inhibited by chloride.

...Δ''ψ''_mt by electrogenic exchange of ATP4-/ADP3- by the ATP/ADP carrier (AAC) and hydrolytic activity of the soluble F1-ATPase [2]. So far, it has

|description='''Uncoupling proteins''' (UCPs) are mitochondrial anion carrier proteins that can be found in the inner mitochondrial membranes of animals

...(mtIM) proteins, the very-long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, the phosphate carrier, and the adenine nucleotide translocase 2 were present in association with

...ol factors, which paralleled greater expression of mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein and some respiratory complex subunits.

...(rs749249430) in NDUFAF3, a CI assembly factor (Q module). Pt A is also a carrier for TIMM13 and CLPX (Table 1, Figure 1).

...s of malate dehydrogenase (…), citrate synthase (…), or the tricarboxylate carrier (…) would reduce measured oxygen flux, giving a false reading of the rate

...ment:'' This definition is too narrow: The ANT and the inorganic phosphate carrier are additional essential components of the OXPHOS system [1].

...charomyces cerevisiae'' mitochondria which differ in energy production and carrier involvement. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2003.10.008

...er JH, Van Raamsdonk JM, Colca JR, Brundin P (2016) Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier regulates autophagy, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in experimental mo

...nvert ADP into ATP, mediated by the enzyme ATP synthase. ATP is the energy carrier used as fuel in cellular processes. Mitochondrial uncoupling makes the conv

...eletal muscle, the phosphorylation system (ANT, ATP synthase and phosphate carrier) exerts significant control over respiration in the brain.

...ibility that 6mA may also be transmitted across generations and serve as a carrier of inheritable information. Using ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' as a model, he

...enerally considered to be associated with the inhibition of the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. A

|contact (if required by carrier): Michael Walter-Vracevic

...via UPS or GLS (depending on country). If the customer chooses a different carrier, the costs might change.

...osphorylation system consists of adenine nucleotide translocase, phosphate carrier, and ATP synthase, which carry out the steps in the phosphorylation pathway

|Heather Wilkins - Dicarboxylate carrier-mediated transport of glutathione into mitochondria determines neuronal sus

...yard JCW, Halestrap AP (2003) Identification of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in Saccharomyces cerevidiae. Biochem J 374:607-11.

::::# Careful: Ethanol as a carrier for oligomycin and FCCP exerts a chemical side effect on the TPP<sup>+</sup

...m biochemical and genetic studies of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier AGC1. Mol Psychiatry 15, 38-52, doi:10.1038/mp.2008.63 (2010).

...yard JCW, Halestrap AP (2003) Identification of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in ''Saccharomyces cerevidiae''. Biochem J 374:607-11.

...yard JCW, Halestrap AP (2003) Identification of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in ''Saccharomyces cerevidiae''. Biochem J 374:607-11.

...g R, Orynbayeva Z (2015) Tumor microenvironment promotes dicarboxylic acid carrier-mediated transport of succinate to fuel prostate cancer mitochondria. Am J

...yard JCW, Halestrap AP (2003) Identification of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in ''Saccharomyces cerevidiae''. Biochem J 374:607-11.

...s, Permeabilized muscle fibers, Permeabilized tissue, Phosphate, Phosphate carrier, Protonmotive force, Publication efficiency, Residual oxygen consumption, R