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Pressure
Description
Pressure [Pa = J·m-3] is the concentration of the force at the point of action. More generally, pressure is the force times concentration at the interphase of interaction.
In addition to mechanical pressure, hydrostatic pressure, barometric pressure, gas pressure (oxygen pressure), isomorphic pressures are distinguished as osmotic pressure, diffusion pressure, reaction pressure, and even electric pressure. In ergodynamics, the pressure in a transformation, ΔtrΠ, is the product of free activity times force, ΔtrΠ = αtr·ΔtrF [mol·m-3 · J·mol-1 = J·m-3 = Pa].
In the classical physicochemical literature, there is some confusion between the terms force and pressure: "This force is called the pressure of the gas" by Maxwell (1867); "This pressure is osmotic pressure. .. Osmotic forces are in fact .." by van't Hoff 1901; "Pressure-forces" by Einstein (1905); presentation of Fick's law of diffusion (which represents a flux-pressure relationship) as a flux-force relationship by Prigogine (1967).
Abbreviation: P, p, Π
Reference: Gnaiger 1989 Energy Transformations; Gnaiger 2017 MiP2017
Comunicated by Erich Gnaiger 2018-09-16
MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept, Ergodynamics
