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Difference between revisions of "Particle charge"

From Bioblast
(Created page with "{{MitoPedia |abbr=''Q<sub>U<sub>X</sub></sub>'', ''Q<sub><u>U</u>X</sub>'' |description=The '''particle charge''' ''Q<sub>U<sub>X</sub></sub>'' (''Q<sub><u>U</u>X</sub>'') or...")
 
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|abbr=''Q<sub>U<sub>X</sub></sub>'', ''Q<sub><u>U</u>X</sub>''
|abbr=''Q<sub>U<sub>X</sub></sub>'', ''Q<sub><u>U</u>X</sub>''
|description=The '''particle charge''' ''Q<sub>U<sub>X</sub></sub>'' (''Q<sub><u>U</u>X</sub>'') or charge per elementary entity is the [[charge]] ''Q''<sub>el</sub> [C] of a number ''N''<sub>e</sub> [x] of electrons e divided by the count ''N''<sub>e</sub>. The particle charge per proton is the [[elementary charge]] or proton charge ''e''.
|description=The '''particle charge''' ''Q<sub>U<sub>X</sub></sub>'' (''Q<sub><u>U</u>X</sub>'') or charge per elementary entity is the [[charge]] ''Q''<sub>el''X''</sub> [C] carried by ions of type ''X'' divided by the count ''N<sub>X</sub>'' [x]. The particle charge per proton is the [[elementary charge]] or proton charge ''e''.
|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways]]
|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways]]
}}
}}
  Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2020-11-24
  Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2020-11-25
{{Template:Keywords: Charge}}
{{Template:Keywords: SI base units}}


== References ==
== References ==
::::# Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2  - [[Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways |»Bioblast link«]]
::::# Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2  - [[Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways |»Bioblast link«]]
::::# Gnaiger Erich (2020) Canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed. MitoFit Preprint Arch 2020.4 [[doi:10.26124/mitofit:200004]].  
::::# Gnaiger Erich (2020) Canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed. MitoFit Preprint Arch 2020.4 [[doi:10.26124/mitofit:200004]].  
{{Keywords: SI base units}}


{{MitoPedia concepts
{{MitoPedia concepts
|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics
|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics
}}
}}

Revision as of 15:45, 25 November 2020


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Particle charge

Description

The particle charge QUX (QUX) or charge per elementary entity is the charge QelX [C] carried by ions of type X divided by the count NX [x]. The particle charge per proton is the elementary charge or proton charge e.

Abbreviation: QUX, QUX

Reference: Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2020-11-25

Canonical comments on IUPAC definitions in the context of charge

Charge of the proton versus charge per proton

Proton charge is the elementary charge e [C·x-1], which is charge per count of protons.
QelQelp+ [C]
eQNp+ = Qel·Np+-1  [C∙x-1]
The distinction of charge of particles versus charge per single particle is not made sufficiently clear by IUPAC, when defining "-e is the charge of an electron" — it must be corrected to "-e is the charge per electron".
For comparison, the name "charge density of electrons" is used by IUPAC with symbol ρ [C·m-3]. Dividing ρ by the count concentration of electrons [x·m-3], we obtain the unit [C·x-1] for the electron charge. Therefore, electron charge (or proton charge) is clearly the charge per particle.

Ambiguity of QB

IUPAC (Cohen 2008 IUPAC Green Book) defines the charge number as
IUPAC:  zB = QB·e-1
Therefore, QB = zBe. The subscript in QB indicates per elementary entity B. This is opposite to the subscript in VB as the symbol for the volume of a substance of type B (e.g. VO2 [L]). For consistency with this convention, the symbol QelB or QelX [C] is used for indicating charge of a substance of type B or X, distinguished from particle charge as the quantity of charge per elementary entity X with symbol QNX [C∙x-1]. To avoid too long and multiple subscript levels, QNX is used instead of QUX, and the ‘el’ is dropped from QelNX. The particle charge QNH+ per hydrogen ion is identical to the definition of the elementary charge e. Therefore, the charge number of the hydrogen ion is zH+ = QNH+/e = 1. In summary:
zB = QNB·e-1
QNB = QelB·NB-1 [C∙x-1]


Keywords

» charge QelX
» charge number zX
» electrochemical constant f
» elementary charge e
» Faraday constant F
» hydrogen ion versus proton
» iconic symbols
» motive entity
» particle charge QNX


SI-units.png


Click to expand or collaps
Bioblast links: Charge - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>
SI-units.png

Table Physical constants.png

Normalization of charge and iconic symbols
Iconic symbols show the quantity, the format of the normalization in the subscript (N, n, e), and the entity specified in the subscript (X). The normalized quantities are per X. In the quantities QelX, NX, nX, VX, mX, the subscript X without attachment to a format indicates the quantity of X.
Quantity Unit Normalized for quantity Unit Iconic symbol Unit Practical symbol Quantity
charge QelX [C] / count NX [x] = QNX [C·x-1] particle charge (IUPAC: QB)
charge QelX [C] / amount nX [mol] = QnX [C·mol-1] charge number times Faraday constant
charge QelX [C] / volume VX [m3] = QVX [C·m-3] ρel charge density
charge QelX [C] / mass mX [kg] = QmX [C·kg-1] specific charge
count NX [x] / charge QelX [C] = NeX [x·C-1]
amount nX [mol] / charge QelX [C] = neX [mol·C-1]
volume VX [m3] / charge QelX [C] = VeX [m3·C-1] ρel-1
mass mX [kg] / charge QelX [C] = meX [kg·C-1]



SI-units.png


Click to expand or collaps
Bioblast links: SI base units - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>
Entity, count, and number, and SI base quantities / SI base units
SI-units.png
Quantity name Symbol Unit name Symbol Comment
elementary UX elementary unit [x] UX, UB; [x] not in SI
count NX elementary unit [x] NX, NB; [x] not in SI
number N - dimensionless = NX·UX-1
amount of substance nB mole [mol] nX, nB
electric current I ampere [A] A = C·s-1
time t second [s]
length l meter [m] SI: metre
mass m kilogram [kg]
thermodynamic temperature T kelvin [K]
luminous intensity IV candela [cd]
Fundamental relationships
» Avogadro constant NA
» Boltzmann constant k
» elementary charge e
» Faraday constant F
» gas constant R
» electrochemical constant f
SI and related concepts
» International System of Units
» elementary unit x
» SI prefixes
» International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC
» entity
» quantity
» dimension
» format
» motive unit
» iconic symbols


References

  1. Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2 - »Bioblast link«
  2. Gnaiger Erich (2020) Canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed. MitoFit Preprint Arch 2020.4 doi:10.26124/mitofit:200004.


MitoPedia concepts: Ergodynamics