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2-Hydroxyglutarate

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2-Hydroxyglutarate

Description

Reduction of oxoglutarate (2OG or alpha-ketoglutarate) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is driven by NADPH. 2HG is also formed in side reactions of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. Millimolar 2HG concentrations are found in some cancer cells compared to , whereas side activities of lactate and malate dehydrogenase form submillimolar s-2-hydroxyglutarate (s-2HG). However, even wild-type IDH1 and IDH2, notably under shifts toward reductive carboxylation glutaminolysis or changes in other enzymes, lead to โ€œintermediateโ€ 0.01โ€“0.1โ€‰mM 2HG levels, for example, in breast carcinoma compared with nanomolar concentrations in benign cells. 2HG is considered an important player in reprogramming metabolism of cancer cells.

Abbreviation: 2HG

Reference: Jezek 2020 Antioxid Redox Signal






MitoPedia topics: Substrate and metabolite 

Further references

  1. Chakraborty 2019 Science
  2. Jezek 2020 Antioxid Redox Signal
  3. Renner 2017 MiP2017
  4. Smolkova 2015 Int J Biochem Cell Biol
  5. Zelenka 2013 Abstract MiP2013