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• Lancaster 2002 Biochim Biophys Acta
  ....3.5.1) are enzymes that couple the two-electron oxidation of succinate to fumarate (reaction 1) to the two-electron reduction of quinone to quinol (reaction 2 succinate → fumarate + 2H⁺ + 2e^- (1)
  1 KB (167 words) - 19:20, 15 October 2023
• Fumarase
  ...[[tricarboxylic acid cycle]] catalyzing the equilibrium reaction between [[fumarate]] and [[malate]]. Fumarase is found not only in mitochondria, but also in t
  675 bytes (91 words) - 11:05, 27 January 2017
• Complex II
  ...ate reductases, FRDABCD) tend to operate in the reverse direction reducing fumarate and oxidizing quinol.
  2 KB (211 words) - 14:43, 1 April 2023
• Lancaster 2001 FEBS Lett
  ...oxidoreductases--what can we learn from ''Wolinella'' succinogenes quinol:fumarate reductase?. FEBS Lett 504:133-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(01)027 ...the results from site-directed mutagenesis, we have derived a mechanism of fumarate reduction and succinate oxidation [Lancaster et al. (2001) Eur. J. Biochem.
  2 KB (287 words) - 19:21, 15 October 2023
• Wilson 1970 Biochim Biophys Acta
  |title=Wilson MA, Cascarano J (1970) The energy-yielding oxidation of NADH by fumarate in submitochondrial particles of rat tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta 216:54-6 |abstract=1. Oxidation of NADH by fumarate coupled to synthesis of ATP was found to occur in cyanide-poisoned rat hear
  2 KB (218 words) - 10:56, 14 February 2022
• Spinelli 2021 Science
  ...A, Condon KJ, Zhang T, Kunchok T, Lewis CA, Chandel NS, Sabatini DM (2021) Fumarate is a terminal electron acceptor in the mammalian electron transport chain. ...and complex I activities. Mouse tissues display varying capacities to use fumarate as a TEA, most of which net reverse the SDH complex under hypoxia. Thus, we
  2 KB (224 words) - 09:03, 2 April 2023
• Iverson 2013 Biochim Biophys Acta
  ...istinct chemical reactions: the reversible oxidoreduction of succinate and fumarate, catalyzed in a soluble domain, and the reversible oxidoreduction of quinol ...re kinetically advantaged to catalyze the reverse reaction, i.e. to reduce fumarate and oxidize quinol . No matter the preferred direction of the reaction, com
  3 KB (362 words) - 15:41, 1 April 2023
• Sullivan 2014 Cell Cycle
  ...oss of FH function are respiratory-deficient and accumulate high levels of fumarate. This raises an intriguing question: how do cancer cells with dysfunctional
  1 KB (171 words) - 07:18, 24 April 2023
• Brown 2000 Biochem Educ
  ...te:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) catalyses the oxidation of succinate to fumarate and the reductionof ubiquinone (UQ) to ubiquinol (UQH₂), .. ...by SDH/SQR, which is frequently written something like succinate + FAD <-> fumarate + FADH₂ [9-18]. This presentation implies that FAD is the final
  2 KB (299 words) - 16:26, 27 August 2023
• Chinopoulos 2019 Int J Biochem Cell Biol
  ...nally, it is emphasized that a "fumarate reductase" enzyme entity reducing fumarate to succinate found in some bacteria and lower eukaryotes remains to be disc
  2 KB (253 words) - 12:57, 2 August 2023
• Krebs, Eggleston 1940 Biochem J
  ...e catalysis when one molecule of pyruvate has reacted with one molecule of fumarate. ...ub>2</sub> uptake caused by fumarate to be proportional to the quantity of fumarate added. - ''Comment: Excess [[additivity]] at low malonate, and complete add
  4 KB (541 words) - 05:36, 18 July 2023
• Maklashina 2022 J Biol Chem
  ...ncing covalent flavinylation in both bacterial succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunits and of SDHAF2 in performing the same functi
  2 KB (293 words) - 23:56, 2 April 2023
• Sridharan 2008 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
  ...mping of O₂ respiration, reduced ATP utilization, and inducible fumarate respiration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 295:C29-37. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.004 ...ATP consumption. The PHD pathway also enables the mitochondria to utilize fumarate for respiration.
  3 KB (357 words) - 23:36, 13 February 2022
• Mandella 1975 J Biol Chem
  ..., 0.06, and 0.09 mM, respectively. At pH 7.4 (5MM fumarate) and pH 6.0 (no fumarate), the Km values for (-)-malate, NADP+, and Mn2+ were 6.5, 0.62, and 0.59 mM
  3 KB (443 words) - 13:50, 27 February 2015
• Karavaeva 2023 Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg
  ...d fumarate reductases (FRDs) catalyse the interconversion of succinate and fumarate, a reaction highly conserved in all domains of life. The current classifica
  1 KB (209 words) - 21:11, 12 May 2023
• Fermentation
  ...aintained with internally produced electron acceptors (such as pyruvate or fumarate), without the use of external electron acceptors (such as O₂). F
  556 bytes (73 words) - 14:40, 8 February 2016
• Benit 2014 Biochim Biophys Acta
  ...-Roqueplo AP, Rustin P (2014) Unsuspected task for an old team: succinate, fumarate and other Krebs cycle acids in metabolic remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta 1 ...s, key functions of several of its intermediates, especially succinate and fumarate, have been recently uncovered. The presumably immutable organization of the
  1 KB (217 words) - 17:28, 15 February 2022
• Andrieux 2021 Int J Mol Sci
  ...ction of FAD to FADH₂ to be linked to oxidation of succinate to fumarate. Perhaps open instead of anonymous peer review might encourage a scientific
  3 KB (390 words) - 02:35, 10 October 2023
• Malate dehydrogenase
  ...alized in the mitochondrial matrix and oxidizes [[malate]], generated from fumarate by fumarase, to [[oxaloacetate]], reducing NAD⁺ to NADH+H<sup>+<
  649 bytes (83 words) - 19:36, 1 January 2021
• Succinate dehydrogenase
  ...e dehydrogenase''' is a [[TCA cycle]] enzyme converting [[succinate]] to [[fumarate]] while reducing FAD to FADH₂. SDH is the largest component of t
  634 bytes (86 words) - 18:32, 15 May 2021

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