Obesity

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high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Obesity

Description

Obesity is a disease resulting from excessive accumulation of body fat. In common obesity (non-syndromic obesity) excessive body fat is due to an obesogenic lifestyle with lack of physical exercise ('couch') and caloric surplus of food consumption ('potato'), causing several comorbidities which are characterized as preventable non-communicable diseases. Persistent body fat excess associated with deficits of physical activity induces a weight-lifting effect on increasing muscle mass with decreasing mitochondrial capacity. Body fat excess, therefore, correlates with body mass excess up to a critical stage of obesogenic lifestyle-induced sarcopenia, when loss of muscle mass results in further deterioration of physical performance particularly at older age.


Reference: Haslam 2007 Obes Rev, Body mass excess


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Healthy reference population     Body mass excess         BFE         BME cutoffs         BMI         H         M         VO2max         mitObesity drugs



Obesity as a preventable mitochondrial disease

Work in progress by Gnaiger E 2020-02-14 linked to a preprint in preparation on BME and mitObesity.  
It is very injurious to health to take in more food than the constitution will bear, when, at the same time one uses no exercise to carry off this excess. (Hippocrates ∼400 BC De Flatibus; in Haslam 2007 Obes Rev)
"Uniquely among chronic diseases, lack of scientific knowledge is not a barrier to the successful treatment of a person who is obese. .. We already know enough about the causes and how to manage it by diet, activity, drugs and surgery" (Haslam 2007 Obes Rev). - Based on this paradigm, the world record attests to a continuing failure of combatting the further spread of the obesity pandemic (Apovian 2016 Am J Manag Care, NCD-RisC 2017 Lancet). Apart from further insights into the genetic basis of common obesity (Walley 2009 Nat Rev Genet), current lack of scientific knowledge hinders successful obesity prevention strategies:
  1. The common mechanisms leading from obesity to its associated comorbidities are still little understood. This is one among a diversity of reasons that limited or limits acceptance of obesity as a disease. Why prevent obesity if it is not understood as a disease? Most physicians and patients are unaware that mitochondria — the tiny powerhouses in our cells — are at the forefront of comorbidities in the obesity pandemic, linking common obesity to a variety of preventable degenerative diseases. Understanding these mechanisms will not directly prevent obesity, but it will help.
  2. Inaccurate measures of obesity based on BMI cutoffs render a large part of the population wrongly diagnosed as normal-weight (or non-obese) and on the other hand wrongly diagnosed as overweight (or obese). Failure of proper diagnosis in the normal-to-overweight greyzone presents a first barrier against objective prevention strategies.
  3. The state of the disease of obesity is communicated to the patients as a number (BMI), which lacks an intuitively clear message. What does it mean when your BMI changed from 20 to 30 from age of 13 to 18, or from 26 to 30 from age 18 to 28? Can everybody translate a daily measure of body mass on a fairly well calibrated balance in the bathroom into an index of obesity? It will make a difference if I know that for my height of 1.7 m a body mass of 79.3 kg means that I am only 1.5 kg away from obesity, and obesity means that I have a body mass excess, BME, of 0.4 or 40 % above my reference body mass of 57.7 kg.
References
  1. Apovian CM (2016) Obesity: definition, comorbidities, causes, and burden. Am J Manag Care 22(7 Suppl):s176–85. - »Bioblast link«
  2. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, OBruyère O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM, Sieber CC, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Visser M, Zamboni M (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48:16–31. - »Bioblast link«
  3. Haslam D (2007) Obesity: a medical history. Obes Rev 8 Suppl 1:31-6. - »Bioblast link«
  4. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2017) Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 390:2627–42. - »Bioblast link«
  5. Walley AJ, Asher JE, Froguel P (2009) The genetic contribution to non-syndromic human obesity. Nat Rev Genet 10:431–42. - »Bioblast link«


References: Obesity

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 YearReferenceOrganismTissue;cell
Allerton 2024 Sci Rep2024Allerton TD, Stampley JE, Li Z, Yu X, Quiariate H, Doiron JE, White G, Wigger Z, Gartia MR, Lefer DJ, Soto P, Irving BA (2024) Nitric oxide donors rescue metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in obese Alzheimer's model. Sci Rep 14:26118. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75870-8MouseNervous system
Shirakawa 2024 Sci Rep2024Shirakawa R, Nakajima T, Yoshimura A, Kawahara Y, Orito C, Yamane M, Handa H, Takada S, Furihata T, Fukushima A, Ishimori N, Nakagawa M, Yokota I, Sabe H, Hashino S, Kinugawa S, Yokota T (2024) Author Correction: Enhanced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with fatty liver in obese young adults. Sci Rep 14:6786. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57171-2. Erratum for: Sci Rep. 2023 13:5203. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32549-wHumanBlood cells
Kahl 2024 J Hepatol2024Kahl S, Straßburger K, Pacini G, Trinks N, Pafili K, Mastrototaro L, Dewidar B, Sarabhai T, Trenkamp S, Esposito I, Schlensak M, Granderath FA, Roden M (2024) Dysglycemia and liver lipid content determine the relationship of insulin resistance with hepatic OXPHOS capacity in obesity. J Hepatol [Epub ahead of print]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2024.08.012HumanLiver
Jardon 2024 Gut Microbes2024Jardon KM, Goossens GH, Most J, Galazzo G, Venema K, Penders J, Blaak EE (2024) Examination of sex-specific interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism after 12-week combined polyphenol supplementation in individuals with overweight or obesity. Gut Microbes 16:2392875. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2392875HumanSkeletal muscle
Zhang 2024 Cell Metab2024Zhang Y, Higgins CB, Tica S, Adams JA, Sun J, Kelly SC, Zong X, Dietzen DJ, Pietka T, Ballentine SJ, Shriver L, Patti G, Cao Y, DeBosch BJ (2024) Hierarchical tricarboxylic acid cycle regulation by hepatocyte arginase 2 links the urea cycle to oxidative metabolism. Cell Metab [Epub ahead of print]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.007MouseLiver
Alvarez-Luis 2024 MitoFit2024Alvarez-Luis J, Gama-Perez P, Garcia-Roves PM (2024) Exploring Mitochondrial Adaptability: Key to Overcoming Obesity and Enhancing Metabolic Health. MitoFit Preprints 2024.5. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:2024-0005
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2024 Body composition and obesity2024National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2024) Exploring the science on measures of body composition, body fat distribution, and obesity. National Academies Press, Washington, DC https://doi.org/10.17226/27461.HumanFat
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2023 BMI and beyond2023National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2023) BMI and beyond: Considering context in measuring obesity and its applications: Proceedings of a workshop—in brief. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/27185HumanFat
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Pedersen 2015 Scand J Med Sci Sports2015Pedersen BK, Saltin B (2015) Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports 25:1-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12581Human
Tompuri 2015 Clin Physiol Funct Imaging2015Tompuri T, Lintu N, Savonen K, Laitinen T, Laaksonen D, Jääskeläinen J, Lakka TA (2015) Measures of cardiorespiratory fitness in relation to measures of body size and composition among children. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 35:469-77.Human
Sheldon 2015 Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2015Sheldon RD, Padilla J, Jenkins NT, Laughlin MH, Rector RS (2015) Chronic NOS inhibition accelerates NAFLD progression in an obese rat model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 308:G540-9.RatLiver
Indian Academy of Pediatrics Growth Charts Committee 2015 Indian Pediatr2015Indian Academy of Pediatrics Growth Charts Committee, Khadilkar V, Yadav S, Agrawal KK, Tamboli S, Banerjee M, Cherian A, Goyal JP, Khadilkar A, Kumaravel V, Mohan V, Narayanappa D, Ray I, Yewale V (2015) Revised IAP growth charts for height, weight and body mass index for 5- to 18-year-old Indian children. Indian Pediatr 52:47-55.Human
Den Besten 2015 Diabetes2015den Besten G, Bleeker A, Gerding A, van Eunen K, Havinga R, van Dijk TH, Oosterveer MH, Jonker JW, Groen AK, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM (2015) Short-chain fatty acids protect against high-fat diet-induced obesity via a PPARγ-dependent switch from lipogenesis to fat oxidation. Diabetes 64:2398-408.MouseLiver
Joergensen 2015 J Cereb Blood Flow Metab2015Jørgensen T, Grunnet N, Quistorff B (2015) One-year high fat diet affects muscle-but not brain mitochondria. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 35:943-50.RatSkeletal muscle
Nervous system
Benito 2015 J Appl Physiol2015Benito PJ, Bermejo LM, Peinado AB, López-Plaza B, Cupeiro R, Szendrei B, Calderón FJ, Castro EA, Gómez-Candela C, on behalf of the PRONAF Study Group (2015) Change in weight and body composition in obese subjects following a hypocaloric diet plus different training programs or physical activity recommendations. J Appl Physiol 118:1006-13.HumanSkeletal muscle
Seillier 2015 EMBO Mol Med2015Seillier M, Pouyet L, N'Guessan P, Nollet M, Capo F, Guillaumond F, Peyta L, Dumas JF, Varrault A, Bertrand G, Bonnafous S, Tran A, Meur G, Marchetti P, Ravier MA, Dalle S, Gual P, Muller D, Rutter GA, Servais S, Iovanna JL, Carrier A (2015) Defects in mitophagy promote redox-driven metabolic syndrome in the absence of TP53INP1. EMBO Mol Med 7:802-18.Human
Mouse
Fibroblast
Beauchamp 2015 Biosci Rep2015Beauchamp B, Thrush AB, Quizi J, Antoun G, McIntosh N, Al-Dirbashi OY, Patti ME, Harper ME (2015) Undernutrition during pregnancy in mice leads to dysfunctional cardiac muscle respiration in adult offspring. Biosci Rep 35. pii:e00200.MouseHeart
Liver
Agil 2015 J Pineal Res2015Agil A, El-Hammadi M, Jiménez-Aranda A, Tassi M, Abdo W, Fernández-Vázquez G, Reiter RJ (2015) Melatonin reduces hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic obese rats. J Pineal Res 59:70-9.RatLiver
Conner 2015 FASEB J2015Conner B, Hetrik B, Chicco A, McCurdy C (2015) Maternal obesity alters offspring muscle mitochondrial function in nonhuman primates. FASEB J 29:1036.7.Other mammalsSkeletal muscle
Koliaki 2015 Cell Metab2015Koliaki C, Szendroedi J, Kaul K, Jelenik T, Nowotny P, Jankowiak F, Herder C, Carstensen M, Krausch M, Knoefel WT, Schlensak M, Roden M (2015) Adaptation of hepatic mitochondrial function in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver is lost in steatohepatitis. Cell Metab 21:739-46.HumanLiver
Katunga 2015 Mol Metab2015Katunga LA, Gudimella P, Efird JT, Abernathy S, Mattox TA, Beatty C, Darden TM, Thayne KA, Alwair H, Kypson AP, Virag JA, Anderson EJ (2015) Obesity in a model of gpx4 haploinsufficiency uncovers a causal role for lipid-derived aldehydes in human metabolic disease and cardiomyopathy. Mol Metab 4:493-506.MouseHeart
Al-Gindan 2015 Br J Nutr2015Al-Gindan YY, Hankey CR, Govan L, Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Lean ME (2015) Derivation and validation of simple anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue mass and total fat mass with MRI as the reference method. Br J Nutr 114:1852-67.HumanFat
Acosta 2015 Obesity (Silver Spring)2015Acosta A, Camilleri M, Shin A, Vazquez-Roque MI, Iturrino J, Lanza IR, Nair KS, Burton D, O'Neill J, Eckert D, Carlson P, Vella A, Zinsmeister AR (2015) Association of UCP-3 rs1626521 with obesity and stomach functions in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 23:898-906.HumanSkeletal muscle
Lisak 2015 Cell Death Differ2015Lisak D, Schacht T, Gawlitza A, Albrecht P, Aktas O, Koop B, Gliem M, Hofstetter HH, Zanger K, Bultynck G, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Kindler T, Adams-Quack P, Hahn M, Waisman A, Reed JC, Hövelmeyer N, Methner A (2015) BAX inhibitor-1 is a Ca2+ channel critically important for immune cell function and survival. Cell Death Differ 23:358-68.MouseBlood cells
Lymphocyte
Coen 2015 Diabetes2015Coen PM, Menshikova EV, Distefano G, Zheng D, Tanner CJ, Standley RA, Helbling NL, Dubis GS, Ritov VB, Xie H, Desimone ME, Smith SR, Stefanovic-Racic M, Toledo FG, Houmard JA, Goodpaster BH (2015) Exercise and weight loss improve muscle mitochondrial respiration, lipid partitioning, and insulin sensitivity after gastric bypass surgery. Diabetes 64:3737-50.HumanSkeletal muscle
Woodlief 2015 Obesity (Silver Spring)2015Woodlief TL, Carnero EA, Standley RA, Distefano G, Anthony SJ, Dubis GS, Jakicic JM, Houmard JA, Coen PM, Goodpaster BH (2015) Dose response of exercise training following roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: A randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 23:2454-61.HumanSkeletal muscle
Wessels 2015 Am J Physiol2015Wessels B, van den Broek NM, Ciapaite J, Houten SM, Wanders RJA, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ (2015) Carnitine supplementation in high-fat diet-fed rats does not ameliorate lipid-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo. Am J Physiol 309(7):E670-8.RatSkeletal muscle
Nevill 2015 Nutr Diabetes2015Nevill AM, Metsios GS (2015) The need to redefine age- and gender-specific overweight and obese body mass index cutoff points. Nutr Diabetes 5:e186.HumanFat
Cappel 2015 PLoS One2015Cappel DA, Lantier L, Palmisano BT, Wasserman DH, Stafford JM (2015) CETP expression protects female mice from obesity-induced decline in exercise capacity. PLoS One 10:e0136915.MouseSkeletal muscle
Schoettl 2015 Mol Metab2015Schöttl T, Kappler L, Fromme T, Klingenspor M (2015) Limited OXPHOS capacity in white adipocytes is a hallmark of obesity in laboratory mice irrespective of the glucose tolerance status. Mol Metab 4:631-42.MouseFat
Other cell lines
Tyrrell 2015 Exp Gerontol2015Tyrrell DJ, Bharadwaj MS, Van Horn CG, Marsh AP, Nicklas BJ, Molina AJ (2015) Blood-cell bioenergetics are associated with physical function and inflammation in overweight/obese older adults. Exp Gerontol 70:84-91.HumanBlood cells
Lymphocyte
Konopka 2015 Diabetes2015Konopka AR, Asante A, Lanza IR, Robinson MM, Johnson ML, Dalla Man C, Cobelli C, Amols MH, Irving BA, Nair KS (2015) Defects in mitochondrial efficiency and H2O2 emissions in obese women are restored to a lean phenotype with aerobic exercise training. Diabetes 64:2104-15.HumanSkeletal muscle
Bonhoure 2015 Genes Dev2015Bonhoure N, Byrnes A, Moir RD, Hodroj W, Preitner F, Praz V, Marcelin G, Chua SC Jr, Martinez-Lopez N, Singh R, Moullan N, Auwerx J, Willemin G, Shah H, Hartil K, Vaitheesvaran B, Kurland I, Hernandez N, Willis IM1 (2015) Loss of the RNA polymerase III repressor MAF1 confers obesity resistance. Genes Dev 29:934-47.MouseLiver
Chaix 2014 Cell Metab2014Chaix A, Zarrinpar A, Miu P, Panda S (2014) Time-restricted feeding is a preventative and therapeutic intervention against diverse nutritional challenges. Cell Metab 20:991-1005.Mouse
Feng 2014 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol2014Feng YZ, Nikolić N, Bakke SS, Kase ET, Guderud K, Hjelmesæth J, Aas V, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH (2014) Myotubes from lean and severely obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes respond differently to an in vitro model of exercise. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 308:C548-56.HumanSkeletal muscle
Hirzel 2014 PhD Thesis2014Hirzel E (2014) Characterization of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells as a model for in vitro adipocytes studies. PhD Thesis 1-106.HumanFat
Other cell lines
Rudnicki 2014 United States Patent Application Publication2014Rudnicki MA, Yin Hang (2014) MICRORNA INHIBITORS. United States Patent Application Publication 1-49.MouseSkeletal muscle
Fat
Serteyn 2014 Bioenergetics2014Serteyn D, de la Rebière de Pouyade G, Sandersen C, Salciccia A, Grulke S, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Franck T, Lejeune JP, Ceusters Justine D (2014) Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in horses affected by acute laminitis. Bioenergetics 3:1-7.HorseSkeletal muscle
Frederick 2014 J Biol Chem2014Frederick DW, Davis JG, Dávila A Jr, Agarwal B, Michan S, Puchowicz MA, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Baur JA (2014) Increasing NAD synthesis in muscle via nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is not sufficient to promote oxidative metabolism.. J Biol Chem. 290:1546-58.MouseSkeletal muscle
Abdurrachim 2014 Biochim Biophys Acta2014Abdurrachim D, Ciapaite J, Wessels B, Nabben M, Luiken JJ, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ (2014) Cardiac diastolic dysfunction in high-fat diet fed mice is associated with lipotoxicity without impairment of cardiac energetics in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 1842:1525-37.MouseHeart
Chondronikola 20142014Chondronikola M, Volpi E, Børsheim E, Porter C, Annamalai P, Enerbäck S, Lidell ME, Saraf MK, Labbe SM, Hurren NM, Yfanti 7, Chao T, Andersen CR, Cesani F, Hawkins H, Sidossis LS. (2014) Brown adipose tissue improves whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetes 63(12):4089-99.HumanFat
Neves 2014 J Nutr Biochem2014Neves FA, Cortez E, Bernardoa AF, Mattos ABM, Vieira AK, Malafaia TO, Thole AA, Rodrigues-Cunha ACS, Garcia-Souza EP, Sichieri R, Moura AS (2014) Heart energy metabolism impairment in Western-diet induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 25:50-57.MouseHeart
Hoevenaars 2014 Mol Nutr Food Res2014Hoevenaars FP, Bekkenkamp-Grovenstein M, Janssen RJ, Heil SG, Bunschoten A, Hoek-van den Hil EF, Snaas-Alders S, Teerds K, van Schothorst EM, Keijer J (2014) Thermoneutrality results in prominent diet-induced body weight differences in C57BL/6J mice, not paralleled by diet-induced metabolic differences. Mol Nutr Food Res 58:799-807.MouseSkeletal muscle
Yin 2014 J Clin Endocrinol Metab2014Yin X, Lanza IR, Swain JM, Sarr MG, Nair KS, Jensen MD (2014) Adipocyte mitochondrial function is reduced in human obesity independent of fat cell size. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:E209-16.HumanFat
Phielix 2014 Diabetologia2014Phielix E, Jelenik T, Nowotny P, Szendroedi J, Roden M (2014) Reduction of non-esterified fatty acids improves insulin sensitivity and lowers oxidative stress, but fails to restore oxidative capacity in type 2 diabetes: a randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia 57:572-81.HumanSkeletal muscle
De Sousa 2014 Stem Cells2014De Sousa M, Porras DP, Perry CG, Seale P, Scimè A. (2014) p107 is a crucial regulator for determining the adipocyte lineage fate choices of stem cells. Stem Cells 32:1323-36.MouseOther cell lines
Zeng 2014 Br J Nutr2014Zeng Q, He Y, Dong S, Zhao X, Chen Z, Song Z, Chang G, Yang F, Wang Y (2014) Optimal cut-off values of BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio for defining obesity in Chinese adults. Br J Nutr 112:1735-44.Human
Jimenez-Aranda 2014 J Pineal Res2014Jimenéz-Aranda A, Fernández-Vázquez G, Serrano MM, Reiter RJ, Agil A (2014) Melatonin improves mitochondrial function in inguinal white adipose tissue of Zücker diabetic fatty rats. J Pineal Res 57:103-9.RatFat
Casanova 2014 J Nutr Biochem2014Casanova E, Baselga-Escudero L, Ribas-Latre A, Cedó L, Arola-Arnal A, Pinent M, Bladé C, Arola L, Salvadó MJ (2014) Chronic intake of proanthocyanidins and docosahexaenoic acid improves skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in diet-obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 25:1003–10.RatSkeletal muscle
Mialich 2014 Nutr Hosp2014Mialich MS, Martinez EZ, Jordao JJ (2014) Application of body mass index adjusted for fat mass (BMIfat) obtained by bioelectrical impedance in adults. Nutr Hosp 30:417-24.HumanFat
Svendsen 2014 Thesis2014Svendsen PF (2014) Metabolic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity. Thesis Copenhagen University Hospital:38 pp.Human
Keys 2014 Int J Epidemiol2014Keys A, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kimura N, Taylor HL (2014) Indices of relative weight and obesity. Int J Epidemiol 43:655-65.HumanFat
Genne-Bacon 2014 Yale J Biol Med2014Genné-Bacon EA (2014) Thinking evolutionarily about obesity. Yale J Biol Med 87:99-112.Human
Goodpaster 2014 Diabetes2014Goodpaster BH, Coen PM (2014) Improved mitochondrial function is linked with improved insulin sensitivity through reductions in FFA. Diabetes 63:2611-2.
Nigro 2014 Endocrinology2014Nigro M, Santos AT, Barthem CS, Louzada RA, Fortunato RS, Ketzer LA, Carvalho DP, de Meis L (2014) A change in liver metabolism but not in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is an early event in ovariectomy-induced obesity in rats. Endocrinology 155:2881-91.RatFat
Littlejohns 2014 PLoS One2014Littlejohns B, Pasdois P, Duggan S, Bond AR, Heesom K, Jackson CL, Angelini GD, Halestrap AP, Suleiman MS (2014) Hearts from mice fed a non-obesogenic high-fat diet exhibit changes in their oxidative state, calcium and mitochondria in parallel with increased susceptibility to reperfusion injury. PLoS One 9:e100579.MouseHeart
Chu 2014 PLoS One2014Chu MJ, Hickey AJ, Tagaloa S, Zhang L, Dare AJ, MacDonald JR, Yeong ML, Bartlett AS, Phillips AR (2014) Ob/ob mouse livers show decreased oxidative phosphorylation efficiencies and anaerobic capacities after cold ischemia. PLoS One 9:e100609.MouseLiver
Montaigne 2014 Circulation2014Montaigne D, Marechal X, Coisne A, Debry N, Modine T, Fayad G, Potelle C, El Arid JM, Mouton S, Sebti Y, Duez H, Preau S, Remy-Jouet I, Zerimech F, Koussa M, Richard V, Neviere R, Edme JL, Lefebvre P, Staels B (2014) Myocardial contractile dysfunction is associated with impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics in Type 2 Diabetic but not in obese patients. Circulation 130:554-64.HumanHeart
Zachariah 2014 Diabetes2014Zachariah Tom R, Garcia-Roves PM, Sjögren RJ, Jiang LQ, Holmström MH, Deshmukh AS, Vieira E, Chibalin AV, Björnholm M, Zierath JR (2014) Effects of AMPK activation on insulin sensitivity and metabolism in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Diabetes 63:1560-71.MouseSkeletal muscle
Yan 2014 J Diabetes Res2014Yan LJ (2014) Pathogenesis of chronic hyperglycemia: from reductive stress to oxidative stress. J Diabetes Res 2014:137919. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/137919
Kuper 2014 BMC Public Health2014Kuper H, Taylor A, Krishna KV, Ben-Shlomo Y, Gupta R, Kulkarni B, Prabhakaran D, Davey Smith G, Wells J, Ebrahim S, Kinra S (2014) Is vulnerability to cardiometabolic disease in Indians mediated by abdominal adiposity or higher body adiposity. BMC Public Health 14:1239.HumanFat
Garnol 2014 Physiol Res2014Garnol T, Endlicher R, Kučera O, Drahota Z, Cervinková Z (2014) Impairment of mitochondrial function of rat hepatocytes by high fat diet and oxidative stress. Physiol Res 63:271-4.RatLiver
Holmstroem 2013 Metabolism2013Holmström MH, Tom RZ, Björnholm M, Garcia-Roves PM, Zierath JR (2013) Effect of leptin treatment on mitochondrial function in obese leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Metabolism 62:1258-67.MouseSkeletal muscle
Liver
Schneeberger 2013 Cell2013Schneeberger M, Dietrich MO, Sebastián D, Imbernón M, Castaño C, Garcia A, Esteban Y, Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Rodríguez IC, Bortolozzi A, Garcia-Roves PM, Gomis R, Nogueiras R, Horvath TL, Zorzano A, Claret M (2013) Mitofusin 2 in POMC neurons connects ER stress with leptin resistance and energy imbalance. Cell 155:172-87.MouseNervous system
Dahl-Petersen 2013 Diabetes Res Clin Pract2013Dahl-Petersen IK, Bjerregaard P, Brage S, Jørgensen ME (2013) Physical activity energy expenditure is associated with 2-h insulin independently of obesity among Inuit in Greenland. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 102:242-9.Human
Sitnick 2013 Diabetes2013Sitnick MT, Basantani MK, Cai L, Schoiswohl G, Yazbeck CF, Distefano G, Ritov V, Delany JP, Schreiber R, Stolz DB, Gardner NP, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T, Zechner R, Goodpaster BH, Coen P, Kershaw EE (2013) Skeletal muscle triacylglycerol hydrolysis does not influence metabolic complications of obesity. Diabetes 62:3350-6.MouseSkeletal muscle
Montaigne 2013 J Am Coll Cardiol2013Montaigne D, Marechal X, Lefebvre P, Modine T, Fayad G, Dehondt H, Hurt C, Coisne A, Koussa M, Remy-Jouet I, Zerimech F, Boulanger E, Lacroix D, Staels B, Neviere R (2013) Mitochondrial dysfunction as an arrhythmogenic substrate. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:1466-73.HumanHeart
Toledo 2013 Mol Cell Endocrinol2013Toledo FG, Goodpaster BH (2013) The role of weight loss and exercise in correcting skeletal muscle mitochondrial abnormalities in obesity, diabetes and aging. Mol Cell Endocrinol 379:30-4.Human
Koliaki 2013 Mol Cell Endocrinol2013Koliaki C, Roden M (2013) Hepatic energy metabolism in human diabetes mellitus, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 379:35-42.HumanLiver
Miranda 2013 Thesis Instituto de Biologia - Rio de Janeiro2013Miranda GL (2013) Sinalização da grelina no coração de camundongos obesos após hipernutrição durante a lactação / Ghrelin signaling in the heart of obese mice after overnutrition during lactation. Thesis Instituto de Biologia - Rio de Janeiro 93pp.Mouse
Weber 2013 Thesis East Carolina University2013Weber T (2013) The effect of contractile activity and substrate challenges on metabolic flexibility in human primary myotubes. Thesis East Carolina University - USA:105 pp.HumanSkeletal muscle
Other cell lines
Vijgen 2013 J Clin Endocrinol Metab2013Vijgen GH, Sparks LM, Bouvy ND, Schaart G, Hoeks J, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Schrauwen P (2013) Increased oxygen consumption in human adipose tissue from the "brown adipose tissue" region. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:E1230-4.HumanFat
Vijgen 2013 Surg Obes Relat Dis2013Vijgen GH, Bouvy ND, Hoeks J, Wijers S, Schrauwen P, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD (2013) Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in morbidly obese patients is normalized one year after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 9:936-41.HumanSkeletal muscle
Johnson 2013 Obesity (Silver Spring)2013Johnson RJ, Stenvinkel P, Martin SL, Jani A, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Hill JO, Lanaspa MA (2013) Redefining metabolic syndrome as a fat storage condition based on studies of comparative physiology. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21:659-64.Human
Setty 2013 Int J Med Sci Public Health2013Setty P, Padmanabha BV, Doddamani BR (2013) Correlation between obesity and cardio respiratory fitness. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2:300-4.Human
Andersen 2013 Int J Circumpolar Health2013Andersen S, Fleischer Rex K, Noahsen P, Sørensen HC, Mulvad G, Laurberg P (2013) Raised BMI cut-off for overweight in Greenland Inuit--a review. Int J Circumpolar Health 2013 Aug 5;72. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21086.
Arora 2013 Pediatr Obes2013Arora T, Hosseini-Araghi M, Bishop J, Yao GL, Thomas GN, Taheri S (2013) The complexity of obesity in UK adolescents: relationships with quantity and type of technology, sleep duration and quality, academic performance and aspiration. Pediatr Obes 8:358-66.Human
Hernandez-Aguilera 2013 Mediators Inflamm2013Hernández-Aguilera A, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Luciano-Mateo F, Camps J, Menéndez JA, Joven J (2013) Mitochondrial dysfunction: a basic mechanism in inflammation-related non-communicable diseases and therapeutic opportunities. Mediators Inflamm 2013:135698.HumanFat
Rindler 2013 J Biol Chem2013Rindler PM, Plafker SM, Szweda LI, Kinter M (2013) High dietary fat selectively increases catalase expression within cardiac mitochondria. J Biol Chem 288:1979-90.MouseHeart
Van Eunen 2013 PLoS Comput Biol2013van Eunen K, Simons SM, Gerding A, Bleeker A, den Besten G, Touw CM, Houten SM, Groen BK, Krab K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM (2013) Biochemical competition makes fatty-acid β-oxidation vulnerable to substrate overload. PLoS Comput Biol 9:e1003186.RatLiver
Holmstroem 2012 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab2012Holmstroem MH, Iglesias-Gutierrez E, Zierath JR, Garcia-Roves PM (2012) Tissue-specific control of mitochondrial respiration in obesity-related insulin resistance and diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302:E731-9.MouseSkeletal muscle
Liver
Votion 2012 PLoS One2012Votion DM, Gnaiger E, Lemieux H, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Serteyn D (2012) Physical fitness and mitochondrial respiratory capacity in horse skeletal muscle. PLoS One 7:e34890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034890HorseSkeletal muscle
Fisher-Wellman 2012 Trends Endocrinol Metab2012Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD (2012) Linking mitochondrial bioenergetics to insulin resistance via redox biology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 23:142-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2011.12.008
Thomas 2012 Nutr Res Rev2012Thomas EL, Frost G, Taylor-Robinson SD, Bell JD (2012) Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects. Nutr Res Rev 25:150–61.HumanFat
Santilli 2012 Obes Rev2012Santilli F, Vazzana N, Liani R, Guagnano MT, Davì G (2012) Platelet activation in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 13:27-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00930.xHumanBlood cells
Platelet
Stephenson 2012 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab2012Stephenson EJ, Camera DM, Jenkins TA, Lee JS, Kosari S, Hawley JA, Stepto NK (2012) Skeletal muscle respiratory capacity is enhanced in rats consuming an obesogenic Western diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302:E1541-49.RatSkeletal muscle
Sebastian 2012 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2012Sebastián D, Hernández-Alvarez MI, Segalés J, Sorianello E, Muñoz JP, Sala D, Waget A, Liesa M, Paz JC, Gopalacharyulu P, Orešič M, Pich S, Burcelin R, Palacín M, Zorzano A (2012) Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) links mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum function with insulin signaling and is essential for normal glucose homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:5523-8.Human
Mouse
Skeletal muscle
Liver
Egger 2012 Econ Hum Biol2012Egger G, Swinburn B, Islam FM (2012) Economic growth and obesity: an interesting relationship with world-wide implications. Econ Hum Biol 10:147-53.
Timmers 2011 Cell Metab2011Timmers S, Konings E, Bilet L, Houtkooper RH, van de Weijer T, Goossens GH, Hoeks J, van der Krieken S, Ryu D, Kersten S, Moonen-Kornips E, Hesselink MK, Kunz I, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Blaak EE, Auwerx J, Schrauwen P (2011) Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans. Cell Metab 14:612-22.HumanSkeletal muscle
Boyle 2011 Int J Obes2011Boyle KE, Zheng D, Anderson EJ, Neufer PD, Houmard JA (2011) Mitochondrial lipid oxidation is impaired in cultured myotubes from obese humans. Int J Obes 36:1025-31.HumanSkeletal muscle
Bergman 2011 Obesity (Silver Spring)2011Bergman RN, Stefanovski D, Buchanan TA, Sumner AE, Reynolds JC, Sebring NG, Xiang AH, Watanabe RM (2011) A better index of body adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 19:1083-9.HumanFat
Chomentowski 2011 J Clin Endocrinol Metab2011Chomentowski P, Coen PM, Radiková Z, Goodpaster BH, Toledo FG (2011) Skeletal muscle mitochondria in insulin resistance: Differences in intermyofibrillar versus subsarcolemmal subpopulations and relationship to metabolic flexibility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96: 494-503.HumanSkeletal muscle
Goetzman 2011 Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci2011Goetzman ES (2011) Modeling disorders of fatty acid metabolism in the mouse. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 100:389-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384878-9.00010-8Mouse
Pajuelo-Reguera 2011 Br J Nutr2011Pajuelo-Reguera D, Quesada H, Díaz S, Fernández-Iglesias A, Arola-Arnal A, Bladé C, Salvadó J, Arola L (2011) Chronic dietary supplementation of proanthocyanidins corrects the mitochondrial dysfunction of brown adipose tissue caused by diet-induced obesity in Wistar rats. Br J Nutr 28:1-9.RatFat
Pesta 2011 Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2011Pesta D, Hoppel F, Macek C, Messner H, Faulhaber M, Kobel C, Parson W, Burtscher M, Schocke M, Gnaiger E (2011) Similar qualitative and quantitative changes of mitochondrial respiration following strength and endurance training in normoxia and hypoxia in sedentary humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301:R1078–87.HumanSkeletal muscle
Misra 2011 Int J Obes (Lond)2011Misra A, Khurana L (2011) Obesity-related non-communicable diseases: South Asians vs White Caucasians. Int J Obes (Lond) 35:167–87.HumanFat
Roth 2010 Aging (Albany NY)2010Flach RJ, Bennett AM (2010) MAP kinase phosphatase-1 - a new player at the nexus between sarcopenia and metabolic disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2:170-6.
Kraunsoee 2010 J Physiol2010Kraunsøe R, Boushel RC, Hansen CN, Schjerling P, Qvortrup K, Støckel M, Mikines KJ, Dela F (2010) Mitochondrial respiration in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue from patients with morbid obesity. J Physiol 588:2023-32.HumanFat
Mancuso 2010 J Biol Chem2010Mancuso DJ, Sims HF, Yang K, Kiebish MA, Su X, Jenkins CM, Guan S, Moon SH, Pietka T, Nassir F, Schappe T, Moore K, Han X, Abumrad NA, Gross RW (2010) Genetic ablation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2{gamma} prevents obesity and insulin resistance during high fat feeding by mitochondrial uncoupling and increased adipocyte fatty acid oxidation. J Biol Chem 285:36495-510.MouseSkeletal muscle
Fat
Meeuwsen 2010 Clin Nutr2010Meeuwsen S, Horgan GW, Elia M (2010) The relationship between BMI and percent body fat, measured by bioelectrical impedance, in a large adult sample is curvilinear and influenced by age and sex. Clin Nutr 29:560-6.HumanFat
Remels 2010 FASEB J2010Remels AH, Gosker HR, Schrauwen P, Hommelberg PP, Sliwinski P, Polkey M, Galdiz J, Wouters EF, Langen RC, Schols AM (2010) TNF-alpha impairs regulation of muscle oxidative phenotype: Implications for cachexia? FASEB J 12:5052-62.HumanSkeletal muscle
Wang 2010 Biomed Environ Sci2010Wang C, Hou XH, Zhang ML, Bao YQ, Zou YH, Zhong WH, Xiang KS, Jia WP (2010) Comparison of body mass index with body fat percentage in the evaluation of obesity in Chinese. Biomed Environ Sci 23:173-9.Human
Hassing 2010 Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord2010Hassing LB, Dahl AK, Pedersen NL, Johansson B (2010) Overweight in midlife is related to lower cognitive function 30 years later: a prospective study with longitudinal assessments. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 29:543-52.Human
Pribis 2010 Nutrients2010Pribis P, Burtnack CA, McKenzie SO, Thayer J (2010) Trends in body fat, body mass index and physical fitness among male and female college students. Nutrients 2:1075-85.Human
Corpeleijn 2010 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab2010Corpeleijn E, Hessvik NP, Bakke SS, Levin K, Blaak EE, Thoresen GH, Gaster M, Rustan AC (2010) Oxidation of intramyocellular lipids is dependent on mitochondrial function and the availability of extracellular fatty acids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 299:E14-22.HumanSkeletal muscle
Sabia 2009 Am J Clin Nutr2009Sabia S, Kivimaki M, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG, Singh-Manoux A (2009) Body mass index over the adult life course and cognition in late midlife: the Whitehall II Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 89:601-7.Human
Bosy-Westphal 2009 Br J Nutr2009Bosy-Westphal A, Plachta-Danielzik S, Dörhöfer RP, Müller MJ (2009) Short stature and obesity: positive association in adults but inverse association in children and adolescents. Br J Nutr 102:453-61.Fat
Volkow 2009 Obesity (Silver Spring)2009Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Goldstein RZ, Alia-Klein N, Logan J, Wong C, Thanos PK, Ma Y, Pradhan K (2009) Inverse association between BMI and prefrontal metabolic activity in healthy adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17:60-5.HumanNervous system
Romanatto 2009 J Biol Chem2009Romanatto T, Roman EA, Arruda AP, Denis RG, Solon C, Milanski M, Moraes JC, Bonfleur ML, Degasperi GR, Picardi PK, Hirabara S, Boschero AC, Curi R, Velloso LA (2009) Deletion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-receptor 1 (TNFR1) protects against diet-induced obesity by means of increased thermogenesis. J Biol Chem 284:36213-22.RatSkeletal muscle
Gnaiger 2009 Int J Biochem Cell Biol2009Gnaiger E (2009) Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. New perspectives of mitochondrial physiology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41:1837-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2009.03.013Human
Mouse
Skeletal muscle
Kodama 2009 JAMA2009Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M, Sugawara A, Totsuka K, Shimano H, Ohashi Y, Yamada N, Sone H (2009) Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA 301:2024-35.Human
Misra 2009 J Assoc Physicians India2009Misra A, Chowbey P, Makkar BM, Vikram NK, Wasir JS, Chadha D, Joshi Shashank R, Sadikot S, Gupta R, Gulati Seema, Munjal YP, Concensus Group (2009) Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management. J Assoc Physicians India 57:163–70.HumanFat
Walley 2009 Nat Rev Genet2009Walley AJ, Asher JE, Froguel P (2009) The genetic contribution to non-syndromic human obesity. Nat Rev Genet 10:431–42.Human
Hoeks 2008 FEBS Lett2008Hoeks J, Briedé JJ, de Vogel J, Schaart G, Nabben M, Moonen-Kornips E, Hesselink MK, Schrauwen P (2008) Mitochondrial function, content and ROS production in rat skeletal muscle: Effect of high-fat feeding. FEBS Lett 582:510-16.RatSkeletal muscle
Romero-Corral 2008 Int J Obes (Lond)2008Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra-Johnson J, Thomas RJ, Collazo-Clavell ML, Korinek J, Allison TG, Batsis JA, Sert-Kuniyoshi FH, Lopez-Jimenez F (2008) Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population. Int J Obes (Lond) 32:959-66.HumanFat
Kus 2008 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab2008Kus V, Prazak T, Brauner P, Hensler M, Kuda O, Flachs P, Janovska P, Medrikova D, Rossmeisl M, Jilkova Z, Stefl B, Pastalkova E, Drahota Z, Houstek J, Kopecky J (2008) Induction of muscle thermogenesis by high-fat diet in mice: Association with obesity-resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295:356-67.Mouse
Cohen 2008 Am J Clin Nutr2008Cohen DA, Sturm R (2008) Body mass index is increasing faster among taller persons. Am J Clin Nutr 87:445-8.Human
Kraegen 2008 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2008Kraegen EW, Cooney GJ, Turner N (2008) Muscle insulin resistance: a case of fat overconsumption, not mitochondrial dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:7627-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803901105
Barquera 2007 Int J Obes (Lond)2007Barquera S, Peterson KE, Must A, Rogers BL, Flores M, Houser R, Monterrubio E, Rivera-Dommarco JA (2007) Coexistence of maternal central adiposity and child stunting in Mexico. Int J Obes (Lond) 31:601-7.Human
Joshi 2007 JAMA2007Joshi P, Islam S, Pais P, Reddy S, Dorairaj P, Kazmi K, Pandey MR, Haque S, Mendis S, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S (2007) Risk factors for early myocardial infarction in South Asians compared with individuals in other countries. JAMA 297:286-94.Human
Brien 2007 Can J Public Health2007Brien SE, Katzmarzyk PT, Craig CL, Gauvin L (2007) Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index as predictors of substantial weight gain and obesity: the Canadian physical activity longitudinal study. Can J Public Health 98:121-4..Human
Heymsfield 2007 Am J Clin Nutr2007Heymsfield SB, Gallagher D, Mayer L, Beetsch J, Pietrobelli A (2007) Scaling of human body composition to stature: new insights into body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr 86:82-91.HumanSkeletal muscle
Nervous system
Liver
Fat
De Onis 2007 Bull World Health Organization2007de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J (2007) Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organization 85:660-7.Human
Wells 2007 Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc2007Wells JC (2007) The thrifty phenotype as an adaptive maternal effect. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 82:143-72.Human
Haslam 2007 Obes Rev2007Haslam D (2007) Obesity: a medical history. Obes Rev 8 Suppl 1:31-6.Human
Boushel 2007 Diabetologia2007Boushel RC, Gnaiger E, Schjerling P, Skovbro M, Kraunsoee R, Dela F (2007) Patients with Type 2 diabetes have normal mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Diabetologia 50:790-6.HumanSkeletal muscle
Wells 2006 Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc2006Wells JC (2006) The evolution of human fatness and susceptibility to obesity: an ethological approach. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 81:183-205.Human
WHO 2006 Geneva: World Health Organization2006WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group (2006) WHO child growth standards: length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization 312 pp.Human
WHO Expert Consultation 2004 Lancet2004WHO Expert Consultation (2004) Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 363:157-63.Human
Chen 2002 Obes Rev2002Chen W, Lin CC, Peng CT, Li CI, Wu HC, Chiang J, Wu JY, Huang PC (2002) Approaching healthy body mass index norms for children and adolescents from health-related physical fitness. Obes Rev 3:225-32.Human
Colin 2002 Am J Epidemiol2002Colin Bell A, Adair LS, Popkin BM (2002) Ethnic differences in the association between body mass index and hypertension. Am J Epidemiol 155:346-53.Human
Jørgensen 2002 Diabetes Care2002Jørgensen ME, Bjeregaard P, Borch-Johnsen K (2002) Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance among the inuit population of Greenland. Diabetes Care 25: 1766-1771.Human
Deurenberg 2001 Eur J Clin Nutr2001Deurenberg P, Andreoli A, Borg P, Kukkonen-Harjula K, de Lorenzo A, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Testolin G, Vigano R, Vollaard N (2001) The validity of predicted body fat percentage from body mass index and from impedance in samples of five European populations. Eur J Clin Nutr 55:973-9.HumanFat
Gallagher 2000 Am J Clin Nutr2000Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Heo M, Jebb SA, Murgatroyd PR, Sakamoto Y (2000) Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr 72:694-701.HumanFat
Cole 2000 BMJ2000Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320:1240-3.Human
WHO 2000 Sydney Health Comm AU2000WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (2000) The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region 55 pp.Human
Wei 1999 JAMA1999Wei M, Kampert JB, Barlow CE, Nichaman MZ, Gibbons LW, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Blair SN (1999) Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in normal-weight, overweight, and obese men. JAMA 282:1547-53.Human
Neel 1962 Am J Hum Genet1962Neel JV (1962) Diabetes mellitus: a "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental by "progress"? Am J Hum Genet 14:353-62.Human
O2k-Publications in the MiPMap
Sort in ascending/descending order by a click on one of the small symbols in squares below.
 YearReferenceOrganismTissue;cell
Dantas 2024 Abstract IOC1632024Dantas WS, Heintz EC, Zunica ERM, Dousay M, Davuluri G, Yu CS, Murphy MP, Axelrod CL, Kirwan JP (2024) Mito-Q supplementation reverses sarcopenic obesity in aged mice by restoring mitochondrial function and enhancing antioxidant response. Mitochondr Physiol Network 28.11.Mouse
Gama Perez 2023 MiP20232023
Gama Perez Pau
Impact of obesity on white adipose tissue plasticity: addressing depot-specific responses
Fat
Roden 2023 MiP20232023
Roden Michael
Alterations of mitochondrial function in obesity, fatty liver diseases and diabetes.
HumanLiver
Fat
Alan 2023 MiP20232023
Alan Lukas
Dynamic complexomic analysis reveals a role for Von Willebrand Domain-containing Protein 8 (Vwa8) in mitochondrial morphology and substrate preference.
Mouse
Garcia-Roves 2023 MiP20232023
Garcia-Roves Pablo Miguel
Remission of obesity and insulin resistance. Is that enough?
HumanFat
Timon-Gomez 2023 MiP20232023
Timon-Gomez Alba
Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocol for analyzing carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism
Axelrod 2023 MiP20232023
Axelrod Christopher L
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
HumanSkeletal muscle
Sobotka 2023 MiP20232023
Sobotka Lubos
Macronutrients energy metabolism and obesity.
Human
Valencia 2023 MiP20232023
MiPsociety
T-cell mitochondria exhibit a functional decline with obesity that is aggravated by weight loss.
HumanBlood cells
Owesny 2023 MiP20232023
Owesny Patricia
Impairment of cardiac function and mitochondrial energy metabolism through diet induced obesity in aging.
MouseHeart
Chicco 2023 MiP20232023
Chicco Adam J
Delta-6 desaturase inhibition reverses aberrant cardiolipin remodeling and mitochondrial dysfunction in the obese mouse heart.
Mouse
Gnaiger 2023 MiP20232023
Erich Gnaiger
From globesity to mitObesity.
HumanSkeletal muscle
Kayser 2023 MiP20232023
Kayser Bengt
Obesity and hypoxia: from etiology to therapy.
Gnaiger 2020 APS Chicago2020Gnaiger E (2020) Aerobic exercise capacity and mitochondrial fitness: from muscle to brain. APS2020 Chicago.
Axelrod 2019 Abstract IOC1412019Axelrod CL, Davuluri G, Zunica ERM, Noland RC, Hoppel CL, Kirwan JP (2019) Administration of BAM15 to obese C57BL/6J mice increases skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation independent of OXPHOS or ETC capacity. Mitochondr Physiol Network 24.02.MouseSkeletal muscle
Dominguez-Amorocho 2019 MiP20192019
MiPsociety
Role of Sirtuin 1/3 in CD4+ T cells activation and differentiation in obese and transplanted animals.
MouseLymphocyte
Gnaiger 2019 MiP20192019
Erich Gnaiger
OXPHOS capacity in human muscle tissue and body mass excess – the MitoEAGLE mission towards an integrative database (Version 6; 2020-01-12).
HumanSkeletal muscle
Garcia-Roves 2019 MiP20192019
Pablo Garcia-Roves
Metabolic plasticity in obesity-related type 2 diabetes.
Mouse
Storder 2018 MiPschool Tromso E22018
Storder J
Investigaton on the role of the mitochondiral deacetylase Sirtuin 3 in adipose tissue.
MouseFat
Boardman 2018 MiPschool Tromso D32018
MiPsociety
High fat-load induces cardioprotection in hearts from obese mice.
MouseHeart
MartinsAD 2018 MiPschool Tromso E22018
MiPsociety
Mitochondrial dynamics of human Sertoli cells under the effect of leptin and ghrelin.
HumanGenital
Garcia-Roves 2018 MiP2018a2018
Pablo Miguel Garcia-Roves
Mitochondrial signature and lifestyle modulation of metabolic plasticity.
Mouse
Greyslak 2018 FASEB J2018Greyslak KT, Hetrick B, Takahashi DL, Dean T, Kievit P, Sullivan EL, McCurdy CE (2018) Exposure to a western-style diet during early development reduces skeletal muscle lipid metabolism and CI-dependent oxidative capacity in juvenile non-human primate offspring. FASEB J.Other mammalsSkeletal muscle
Arnould 2018 MiP2018b2018
MiPsociety
A form of autophagy triggers lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to a mitochondrial uncoupling.
MouseFat
Fibroblast
Stankova 2018 MiP20182018
Pavla Krivakova-Stankova
Impact of western diet on energy metabolism in mouse liver.
MouseLiver
Aasum 2017 Abstract MITOEAGLE Barcelona2017
COST Action MITOEAGLE
Mitochondrial function in the diabetic heart – effect of an acute fat-load.
MouseHeart
Peral 2017 Abstract MITOEAGLE Barcelona2017
COST Action MITOEAGLE
Adipocyte mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and diabetes: a redox proteomics approach.
HumanFat
Soares 2017 MiPschool Obergurgl2017
Soares Rogerio
Oxidative metabolism during hyperglycemia in individuals with obesity assessed by near infrared spectroscopy.
Human
Distefano 2017 MiPschool Obergurgl2017
Giovanna Distefano
Effects of calorie restriction-induced weight loss and exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics of older obese subjects.
HumanSkeletal muscle
Lee 2017 MiPschool Obergurgl2017
LeeHK.jpg
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) - dysmitochondrial syndrome and mitochondrial disruptors. Lee_Presentation
Human
Moreira 2017 MiP20172017
Bruno Moreira
Leptin role in Sertoli cells mitochondria – a novel mechanism with possible implications in the male reproductive potential of obese individuals.
HumanGenital
Keppner 2017 MiP20172017
MiPsociety
Mitochondrial function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
HumanBlood cells
Periasamy 2017 MiP20172017
MiPsociety
Targeting skeletal muscle energetics to control obesity and diabetes.
Mouse
Coen 2017 MiP2017 B12017
Paul Coen
Impact of calorie restriction and exercise on mitochondrial metabolism in obesity.
Liu 2017 MiP20172017
Jiankang Liu
Targeting mitochondria for preventing and treating diabetes with natural compounds from food and nutrition.
Jansen 2017 MiP20172017
MiPsociety
Dietary and pharmacological anti-obesogenic treatments improve myocardial metabolism in diet-induced obese mice.
Mouse
Sobotka 2017 Abstract MITOEAGLE Barcelona2017
COST Action MITOEAGLE
The effect of 24 weeks of high-fat and high-cholesterol diet on rat liver mitochondria. Sobotka_Presentation
RatLiver
Claret 2017 Abstract MITOEAGLE Barcelona2017
COST Action MITOEAGLE
Mitochondrial performance and central regulation of energy balance.
Shabalina 2017 Abstract MITOEAGLE Barcelona2017
COST Action MITOEAGLE
Control of UCP1 activity in brown fat mitochondria.
MouseFat
Fromme 2017 Abstract MITOEAGLE Barcelona2017
COST Action MITOEAGLE
Source depot and dietary status influence oxidative phosphorylation capacity in permeabilized, mature adipocytes. Fromme_Presentation
MouseFat
Sanchez-Feutrie 2017 Abstract MITOEAGLE Barcelona2017
COST Action MITOEAGLE
RAP250 deficiency protects from obesity, and enhances mitochondrial metabolism in adipose depots.
MouseFat
Sobotka 2016 Abstract IOC1162016Sobotka O, Kucera Otto, Stankova P, Endlicher R, Nozickova K, Banni A, Cervinkova Z (2016) Mitochondrial respiration in fatty liver. Mitochondr Physiol Network 21.11RatLiver
Garcia-Roves 2016a Abstract MitoFit Science Camp 20162016Design and implementation of systems biology approaches to integrate heterogenic data in biomedical research.
Madlala 2015 Abstract MiPschool Cape Town 20152015Fructose-induced ROS production: The role of uric acid and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.HumanLiver
Other cell lines
Esterhuizen 2015 Abstract MiPschool Cape Town 20152015Metabolomics reveal altered mitochondrial metabolism associated with hypertension in a black South African male cohort: the SABPA study.Human
Cortright 2015 Abstract MiPschool Greenville 20152015Intramyocellular triacylglycerol is associated with peroxisomal biogenesis in skeletal muscle from lean and obese humans.HumanSkeletal muscle
Tyrrell 2015 Abstract MiPschool Greenville 20152015Blood-cell bioenergetics are associated with physical function and inflammation in overweight/obese older adults.HumanBlood cells
Funk 2015 Abstract MiPschool Greenville 20152015Isolated mitochondria from liver and brain of long-lived growth hormone receptor gene disrupted mice demonstrate reduced respiration rates.MouseNervous system
Liver
Huang 2015 Abstract MiPschool Greenville 20152015Intramyocellular triacylglycerol is associated with peroxisomal biogenesis in skeletal muscle from lean and obese humans.HumanSkeletal muscle
Huettemann 2015 Abstract MiP20152015Regulation of mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis by cytochrome c phosphorylation.Kidney
Lindquist 2015 Abstract IOC1062015Alteraas EK, Lindquist C, Berge RK, Bjorndal B (2015) OXPHOS capacity in mouse liver altered by modified fatty acids that inhibit or stimulate beta-oxidation. Mitochondr Physiol Network 20.10.MouseLiver
Pecinova 2015 Abstract MiP20152015Autocrine effects of transgenic resistin reduce palmitate and glucose oxidation in brown adipose tissue.RatFat
Holloway 2014 Abstract MiP20142014Acute diet-induced insulin resistance is associated with increased adipose tissue mitochondrial ROS emissions.MouseFat
Andersen 2014 Abstract IOC 2014-04 Schroecken2014Andersen M, Vienberg SG, Novod JB, Brandauer J, Holst B, Treebak JT (2014) Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase knockdown impairs mitochondrial function in mouse myoblasts. Mitochondr Physiol Network 19.02.MouseSkeletal muscle
Other cell lines
Alberici 2014 Abstract MiP20142014Effects of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 6 knockdown in primary skeletal muscle cells metabolism.RatSkeletal muscle
Bresciani Martins de Andrade 2014 Abstract MiP20142014Mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue: palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7) treatment enhances white adipocyte oxygen consumption.Fat
Shirihai 2014 Abstract MiP20142014Mitochondrial dynamics and quality control, a conflict of interest.HumanFat
Zorzano 2014 Abstract MiP20142014Metabolic implications of mitofusin 2 dysfunction.MouseSkeletal muscle
Ojuka 2014 Abstract IOC962014Ojuka E (2014) Excess fructose consumption: effects on mitochondrial function and insulin resistance. Mitochondr Physiol Network 19.11.Human
Larsen 2014 Abstract MiP20142014The effect of high intensity training on mitochondrial fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue.HumanSkeletal muscle
Fat
Lai 2014 Abstract2 MiP20142014Bioenergetic differences between permeabilized red and white fibers of a non-obese model of type II diabetes.RatSkeletal muscle
Iyer 2014 Abstract MiP20142014Bioenergetics: arts meets gentle science in sickness and in health.Human
DeLany 2013 TOS2013Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration is lower in African American compared to Caucasian women and is associated with resting metabolic rate and cardiorespiratory fitness.HumanSkeletal muscle
Holloway 2013 Abstract MiP20132013Holloway GP (2013) Tissue specific changes in respiratory substrate kinetics in the ZDF rat and in response to resveratrol supplementation. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.08.RatHeart
Skeletal muscle
Cavalcanti de Albuquerque 2013 Abstract MiP20132013Cavalcanti de Albuquerque JP, Salvador IC, Martins EG, Jardim-Messeder D; Werneck de Castro JPS; Carvalho DP; Galina A (2013) Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in ovariectomized rats: A time course study and the role of estrogen replacement. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.08.RatSkeletal muscle
Shabalina 2013 Abstract MiP20132013Shabalina IG, Petrovic N, Kalinovich AV, Cannon B, Nedergaard J (2013) Comparative study of brown and white adipose tissue mitochondria in mice upon cold acclimation. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.08.Fat
Oliveira HC 2013 Abstract MiP20132013Oliveira HC, Dorighello GG, Rovani JC, Raposo HF, Paim BA, Vercesi AE (2013) Intermittent fasting improves oxidative stress but not metabolic disturbances and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.08.MouseLiver
Kotwica 2013 Abstract MiP20132013Kotwica AO, Horscroft JA, Murray AJ(2013) Mitochondrial respiration in heart and soleus of ob/ob mice. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.08.MouseHeart
Skeletal muscle
Garcia-Roves 2013 Abstract MiP20132013Garcia-Roves PM, Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Martinez-Navarro L, Fernandez-Ruiz R (2013) Metabolic flexibility before and after lifestyle intervention in a diet-induced type 2 diabetes animal model. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.08.MouseSkeletal muscle
Nervous system
Liver
Islet cell;pancreas;thymus
Fat
Irving 2013 Abstract MiP20132013Irving BA, Stahl R, Kane CJ, Chernousov M, Argyropoulos G, Carey D (2013) Sex differences in murine mitochondrial oxidative capacity following a 24 week high-fat diet. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.08.MouseSkeletal muscle
Liver
Fat
Camacho-Pereira 2013 Abstract IOC752013Camacho-Pereira J (2013) CD38 as a regulator of mitochondrial function. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.03.MouseLiver
HEK
Macrophage-derived
Irving 2012 Abstract IOC722012Irving BA (2012) AgRP deficient female mice have elevated body weight and hypothalamic mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Mitochondr Physiol Network 17.13.Mouse
Rat
Skeletal muscle
Nervous system
Liver
Fat
Distefano 2012 Abstract IOC682012Distefano G, Dube JJ, Helbling NL, Ritov VB, Stefanovic-Racic M, Toledo FGS, Ng J, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM (2012) Human skeletal muscle mitochondria respiration: The influence of aging, adiposity and aerobic fitness. MiPNet17.08.HumanSkeletal muscle
Gnaiger 2011 Abstract-Berlin2011Gnaiger E (2011) Fewer mitochondria - mitochondrial 'fever': Mitochondrial physiology and capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in active and sedentary life styles. Abstract Targeting Mitochondria Berlin.Human
Pesta 2011Abstract Mitochondrial Medicine-Training2011Pesta D, Hoppel F, Macek C, Messner H, Faulhaber M, Kobel C, Parson W, Burtscher M, Schocke M, Gnaiger E (2011) Mitochondrial improvements after strength, endurance, and intermittend hypoxic training in sedentary humans. A respiratory study on permeabilized muscle fibers. Abstract Mitochondrial Medicine Chicago.HumanSkeletal muscle
Pesta 2010 MiP Abstract2010Pesta D, Faulhaber M, Burtscher M, Gnaiger E, Schocke M (2010) Investigation of muscle metabolism of the M. quadriceps via 31P MRS and high-resolution respirometry in connection with 10 weeks of strength and endurance training in normoxia and hypoxia. MiP2010.Human

Publications: BME and body fat

» Body fat excess
 Reference
Bosy-Westphal 2009 Br J NutrBosy-Westphal A, Plachta-Danielzik S, Dörhöfer RP, Müller MJ (2009) Short stature and obesity: positive association in adults but inverse association in children and adolescents. Br J Nutr 102:453-61.
Chambers 2020 J Appl Physiol (1985)Chambers TL, Burnett TR, Raue U, Lee GA, Finch WH, Graham BM, Trappe TA, Trappe S (2020) Skeletal muscle size, function, and adiposity with lifelong aerobic exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 128:368–78.
Deurenberg 2001 Eur J Clin NutrDeurenberg P, Andreoli A, Borg P, Kukkonen-Harjula K, de Lorenzo A, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Testolin G, Vigano R, Vollaard N (2001) The validity of predicted body fat percentage from body mass index and from impedance in samples of five European populations. Eur J Clin Nutr 55:973-9.
Gallagher 2000 Am J Clin NutrGallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Heo M, Jebb SA, Murgatroyd PR, Sakamoto Y (2000) Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr 72:694-701.
Meeuwsen 2010 Clin NutrMeeuwsen S, Horgan GW, Elia M (2010) The relationship between BMI and percent body fat, measured by bioelectrical impedance, in a large adult sample is curvilinear and influenced by age and sex. Clin Nutr 29:560-6.
Mialich 2014 Nutr HospMialich MS, Martinez EZ, Jordao JJ (2014) Application of body mass index adjusted for fat mass (BMIfat) obtained by bioelectrical impedance in adults. Nutr Hosp 30:417-24.
Mialich 2018 J Electr BioimpMialich MS, Silva BR, Jordao AA (2018) Cutoff points of BMI for classification of nutritional status using bioelectrical impedance analysis. J Electr Bioimp 9:24-30.
Misra 2019 J Postgrad MedMisra P, Singh AK, Archana S, Lohiya A, Kant S (2019) Relationship between body mass index and percentage of body fat, estimated by bio-electrical impedance among adult females in a rural community of North India: A cross-sectional study. J Postgrad Med 65:134-40.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2023 BMI and beyondNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2023) BMI and beyond: Considering context in measuring obesity and its applications: Proceedings of a workshop—in brief. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/27185
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2024 Body composition and obesityNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2024) Exploring the science on measures of body composition, body fat distribution, and obesity. National Academies Press, Washington, DC https://doi.org/10.17226/27461.
Romero-Corral 2008 Int J Obes (Lond)Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra-Johnson J, Thomas RJ, Collazo-Clavell ML, Korinek J, Allison TG, Batsis JA, Sert-Kuniyoshi FH, Lopez-Jimenez F (2008) Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population. Int J Obes (Lond) 32:959-66.
Wollner 2017 J Public Health ResWollner M, Paulo Roberto BB, Alysson Roncally SC, Jurandir N, Edil LS (2017) Accuracy of the WHO's body mass index cut-off points to measure gender- and age-specific obesity in middle-aged adults living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Public Health Res 6:904.

MitoPedia: BME and mitObesity

» Body mass excess and mitObesity | BME and mitObesity news | Summary |

TermAbbreviationDescription
BME cutoff pointsBME cutoffObesity is defined as a disease associated with an excess of body fat with respect to a healthy reference condition. Cutoff points for body mass excess, BME cutoff points, define the critical values for underweight (-0.1 and -0.2), overweight (0.2), and various degrees of obesity (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and above). BME cutoffs are calibrated by crossover-points of BME with established BMI cutoffs.
Body fat excessBFEIn the healthy reference population (HRP), there is zero body fat excess, BFE, and the fraction of excess body fat in the HRP is expressed - by definition - relative to the reference body mass, M°, at any given height. Importantly, body fat excess, BFE, and body mass excess, BME, are linearly related, which is not the case for the body mass index, BMI.
Body massm [kg]; M [kg·x-1]The body mass M is the mass (kilogram [kg]) of an individual (object) [x] and is expressed in units [kg/x]. Whereas the body weight changes as a function of gravitational force (you are weightless at zero gravity; your floating weight in water is different from your weight in air), your mass is independent of gravitational force, and it is the same in air and water.
Body mass excessBMEThe body mass excess, BME, is an index of obesity and as such BME is a lifestyle metric. The BME is a measure of the extent to which your actual body mass, M [kg/x], deviates from M° [kg/x], which is the reference body mass [kg] per individual [x] without excess body fat in the healthy reference population, HRP. A balanced BME is BME° = 0.0 with a band width of -0.1 towards underweight and +0.2 towards overweight. The BME is linearly related to the body fat excess.
Body mass indexBMIThe body mass index, BMI, is the ratio of body mass to height squared (BMI=M·H-2), recommended by the WHO as a general indicator of underweight (BMI<18.5 kg·m-2), overweight (BMI>25 kg·m-2) and obesity (BMI>30 kg·m-2). Keys et al (1972; see 2014) emphasized that 'the prime criterion must be the relative independence of the index from height'. It is exactly the dependence of the BMI on height - from children to adults, women to men, Caucasians to Asians -, which requires adjustments of BMI-cutoff points. This deficiency is resolved by the body mass excess relative to the healthy reference population.
ComorbidityComorbidities are common in obesogenic lifestyle-induced early aging. These are preventable, non-communicable diseases with strong associations to obesity. In many studies, cause and effect in the sequence of onset of comorbidities remain elusive. Chronic degenerative diseases are commonly obesity-induced. The search for the link between obesity and the etiology of diverse preventable diseases lead to the hypothesis, that mitochondrial dysfunction is the common mechanism, summarized in the term 'mitObesity'.
Healthy reference populationHRPA healthy reference population, HRP, establishes the baseline for the relation between body mass and height in healthy people of zero underweight or overweight, providing a reference for evaluation of deviations towards underweight or overweight and obesity. The WHO Child Growth Standards (WHO-CGS) on height and body mass refer to healthy girls and boys from Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and the USA. The Committee on Biological Handbooks compiled data on height and body mass of healthy males from infancy to old age (USA), published before emergence of the fast-food and soft-drink epidemic. Four allometric phases are distinguished with distinct allometric exponents. At heights above 1.26 m/x the allometric exponent is 2.9, equal in women and men, and significantly different from the exponent of 2.0 implicated in the body mass index, BMI [kg/m2].
Height of humansh [m]; H [m·x-1]The height of humans, h, is given in SI units in meters [m]. Humans are countable objects, and the symbol and unit of the number of objects is N [x]. The average height of N objects is, H = h/N [m/x], where h is the heights of all N objects measured on top of each other. Therefore, the height per human has the unit [m·x-1] (compare body mass [kg·x-1]). Without further identifyer, H is considered as the standing height of a human, measured without shoes, hair ornaments and heavy outer garments.
Lengthl [m]Length l is an SI base quantity with SI base unit meter m. Quantities derived from length are area A [m2] and volume V [m3]. Length is an extensive quantity, increasing additively with the number of objects. The term 'height' h is used for length in cases of vertical position (see height of humans). Length of height per object, LUX [m·x-1] is length per unit-entity UX, in contrast to lentgth of a system, which may contain one or many entities, such as the length of a pipeline assembled from a number NX of individual pipes. Length is a quantity linked to direct sensory, practical experience, as reflected in terms related to length: long/short (height: tall/small). Terms such as 'long/short distance' are then used by analogy in the context of the more abstract quantity time (long/short duration).
MitObesity drugsBioactive mitObesity compounds are drugs and nutraceuticals with more or less reproducible beneficial effects in the treatment of diverse preventable degenerative diseases implicated in comorbidities linked to obesity, characterized by common mechanisms of action targeting mitochondria.
ObesityObesity is a disease resulting from excessive accumulation of body fat. In common obesity (non-syndromic obesity) excessive body fat is due to an obesogenic lifestyle with lack of physical exercise ('couch') and caloric surplus of food consumption ('potato'), causing several comorbidities which are characterized as preventable non-communicable diseases. Persistent body fat excess associated with deficits of physical activity induces a weight-lifting effect on increasing muscle mass with decreasing mitochondrial capacity. Body fat excess, therefore, correlates with body mass excess up to a critical stage of obesogenic lifestyle-induced sarcopenia, when loss of muscle mass results in further deterioration of physical performance particularly at older age.
VO2maxVO2max; VO2max/MMaximum oxygen consumption, VO2max, is and index of cardiorespiratory fitness, measured by spiroergometry on human and animal organisms capable of controlled physical exercise performance on a treadmill or cycle ergometer. VO2max is the maximum respiration of an organism, expressed as the volume of O2 at STPD consumed per unit of time per individual object [mL.min-1.x-1]. If normalized per body mass of the individual object, M [kg.x-1], mass specific maximum oxygen consumption, VO2max/M, is expressed in units [mL.min-1.kg-1].


MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept 


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