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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "Version-201-20(-27-27'v1-27-27')-20-27-27'2019-2D06-2D03-27-27'-20-5Bhttp:-2F-2Fwww.mitofit.org-2Fimages-2Fe-2Fe9-2FUmbrasas_2019_MitoFit_Preprint_Arch_doi_10.26124mitofitEA19.MiPSchool.0001.pdf-20doi:10.26124-2Fmitofit:ea19.MiPSchool.0001-5D-0A-0AItaconic-20acid-20(IA)-20is-20a-20recently-20discovered-20mammalian-20metabolite-20which-20is-20produced-20by-20macrophages-20upon-20pro-2Dinflammatory-20activation:-20in-20quiescent-20bone-20marrow-20–-20derived-20macrophages-20(BMDMs).-20IA-20is-20hardly-20detectable-20but-20upon-20lipopolysaccharide-20(LPS)-20stimulation-20it-20reaches-20millimolar-20concentrations-20-5B1-5D.-20Recently-20reported-20physiological-20roles-20of-20IA-20include-20inhibition-20of-20bacterial-20enzyme-20isocitrate-20lyase-20(bactericidal-20activity)-20and-20the-20inhibition-20of-20a-20Krebs-20cycle-20enzyme-20succinate-20dehydrogenase-20(SDH)-20in-20the-20host-20cells-20(which-20has-20been-20shown-20for-20BMDMs)-20-5B2,3-5D.-20By-20inhibiting-20SDH,-20IA-20regulates-20succinate-20(a-20pro-2Dinflammatory-20metabolite)-20levels-20thus-20remodelling-20the-20host-20cells-20metabolism-20during-20inflammation-20-5B3-5D.-20Microglia-20are-20macrophages-20residing-20in-20the-20brain,-20however,-20it-20is-20not-20clear-20whether-20these-20cells-20can-20also-20produce-20IA.-20In-20general,-20there-20has-20been-20very-20little-20research-20on-20IA-20effects-20on-20brain-20tissue.-20Therefore,-20in-20this-20study,-20we-20investigated-20whether-20IA-20exerts-20an-20effect-20on-20brain-20mitochondrial-20respiration-20and-20ROS-20generation-20and-20whether-20IA-20is-20neurotoxic." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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