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- Coenzyme Q + ('''Coenzyme Q''' or ubiquinone (2,3-dimeth … '''Coenzyme Q''' or ubiquinone (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone) was discovered in 1957 by the group of Crane. It is a lipid composed of a benzoquinone ring with an isoprenoid side chain, two methoxy groups and one methyl group. The length of the isoprenoid chain varies depending on the species; for example, six isoprenoid units (CoQ<sub>6</sub>) is the most commonly found CoQ in ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'', eight units in ''Escherichia coli'' (CoQ<sub>8</sub>), nine units in ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' and rodents (CoQ<sub>9</sub>), ten units in humans (CoQ<sub>10</sub>), and some species have more than one CoQ form, e.g. human and rodent mitochondria contain different proportions of CoQ<sub>9</sub> and CoQ<sub>10</sub>. These redox compounds exist in three different forms: [[quinone]] (oxidized), [[quinol]] (reduced), and an intermediate [[semiquinone]].</br></br>''More details'' » '''[[Q-junction]]'''[Q-junction]]''')
